Iontophoresis methods
A method of anesthetizing a tympanic membrane of an ear of a patient using iontophoresis is disclosed. The method involves delivering an anesthetizing drug solution to an ear canal of the patient's ear, wherein the drug solution includes an anesthetic and a buffer, and wherein the drug solution has a pH in the range of about 6.5 to about 7.5; and applying an amount of current to the drug solution, wherein the amount of applied current is increased at a rate of less than about 0.5 milliamp per second until a maximum current is achieved.
1. A method of anesthetizing a tympanic membrane of an ear of a patient using iontophoresis, the method comprising:
delivering a solution to an ear canal of the ear, the solution including a therapeutic agent;
applying a current to the solution in stepped increments via a circuit, such that the current transports the therapeutic agent into the tympanic membrane;
monitoring an output value associated with the applying, the output value being at least one of an output current of the circuit, an output voltage of the circuit, and a setpoint current of the circuit;
measuring the current applied to the solution; and
determining, based on the stepped increments and the current measured, an amount of charge delivered by the current.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution includes lidocaine of greater than 2% by weight.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solution includes approximately 0.5%-1.0% sodium bicarbonate by weight.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution has a pH range of about 6.8-7.2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the current in stepped increments includes:
increasing a level of the current to a first level; maintaining the level of current at the first level for a predefined period of time; and,
following the predefined period of time, increasing the level of current to a second level.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the current includes increasing a level of the current to a predefined level of approximately 1.0 milliamp or less.
7. A method of anesthetizing a tympanic membrane of an ear of a patient using iontophoresis, the method comprising:
increasing a concentration of ionized molecules of a therapeutic agent in an iontophoresis solution;
adding a buffer to the iontophoresis solution to reduce the acidity level of the iontophoresis solution such that the iontophoresis solution with the buffer has a pH in a range of about 6.5 to about 7.5;
delivering, after the increasing and the adding, the iontophoresis solution to an ear canal of the ear; and
applying a current to the drug solution to transport the ionized molecules of the therapeutic agent into the tympanic membrane adjacent to the ear canal.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pH of the iontophoresis solution with the buffer is in the range of about 6.8 to about 7.2.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein applying the current includes increasing a level of the current at a rate of about 0.2 milliamps per second.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein applying the current includes increasing a level of the current to a predefined level of approximately 0.8 milliamps or less.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the increasing the concentration of ionized molecules of the therapeutic agent is based on the adding the buffer solution.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the therapeutic agent in the iontophoresis solution includes 3.3%-4% lidocaine by weight.
13. A method of treating a patient, the patient having an ear canal, the method comprising:
positioning a fluid in the ear canal, the fluid including a therapeutic agent;
inserting an electrode of an iontophoresis device in the ear canal;
attaching a ground electrode of the iontophoresis device to the patient, the electrode and the ground electrode forming a circuit configured to deliver a current to the fluid,
energizing the circuit to deliver the current at a first level to the fluid;
receiving a signal using an input device indicating a level of discomfort experienced by the patient; and
in response to the receiving, changing the current delivered by the circuit to a second level based on the signal indicating the level of discomfort experienced by the patient.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes an anesthetic.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes at least one of lidocaine, epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, other anesthetics, other buffers, or combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes at least one of an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory, a mucolytic, an anesthetic, a steroid, an anti-viral, a surfactant or combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the energizing includes energizing the circuit to deliver the current in stepped increments over a time period until a level of the current is at the first level.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first level is less than 1.0 milliamp.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the changing the current includes increasing the current to the second level based on the signal indicating the level of discomfort experienced by the patient.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the changing the current includes decreasing the current to the second level based on the signal indicating the level of discomfort experienced by the patient.