Red-emitting phosphors and associated devices
A method includes obtaining particles of a phosphor precursor of formula A x [MF y ]:Mn 4+ , reducing sizes of the particles of the phosphor precursor by wet milling the particles and annealing the particles that are wet milled by contacting the particles with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent. Additionally, a manganese doped complex fluoride phosphor prepared by this method is provided. A lighting apparatus and backlight device that include manganese-doped phosphor prepared by this method also are provided.
1. A method comprising:
obtaining particles of a phosphor precursor of formula A x [MF y ]:Mn 4+ ,
wherein A includes one or more of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs), wherein M includes one or more of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), scandium (Sc), hafnium (Hf), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), bismuth (Bi), or gadolinium (Gd), wherein x has a value of an absolute value of a charge on an ion of [MF y ], and wherein y has a value of at least five and no greater than seven;
reducing sizes of the particles of the phosphor precursor by wet milling the particles, wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a solution that includes HF; and thereafter followed by a step of,
annealing the particles that are wet milled by contacting the particles with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent, thereby providing manganese doped complex fluoride phosphor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a solution that further includes A x [MF y ].
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a saturated solution of A x [MF y ] in aqueous HF.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein annealing the particles that are wet milled occurs at a temperature of at least 100 degrees Celsius.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein milling the particles reduces sizes of the phosphor precursor to a particle size distribution of median value being no greater than about twenty-two microns.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein milling the particles reduces sizes of the phosphor precursor to a particle size distribution of median value being no greater than about fifteen microns.
7. A method comprising:
obtaining particles of a K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ phosphor precursor;
reducing sizes of the particles of the phosphor precursor by wet milling the particles, wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a solution that includes HF; and thereafter followed by a step of,
annealing the particles that are wet milled by contacting the particles with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent, thereby providing a manganese doped complex fluoride phosphor.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a saturated solution of K 2 SiF 6 in aqueous HF.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein obtaining the particles includes synthesizing the particles by mixing solutions containing sources of potassium, silicon, and manganese, precipitating the particles from the solutions that are mixed, and filtering the particles and a remaining portion of the solutions.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein annealing the particles that are wet milled occurs at a temperature of at least 100 degrees Celsius.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein milling the particles reduces sizes of the phosphor precursor to a particle size distribution of median value being no greater than about twenty-two microns.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wet milling is conducted in the presence of inert milling media.
13. A method comprising:
obtaining particles of a phosphor precursor of formula A x [MF y ]:Mn 4+ ,
wherein A includes one or more of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs), wherein M includes one or more of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), scandium (Sc), hafnium (Hf), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), bismuth (Bi), or gadolinium (Gd), wherein x has a value of an absolute value of a charge on an ion of [MF y ], and wherein y has a value of at least five and no greater than seven;
reducing sizes of the particles of the phosphor precursor by wet milling the particles in the presence of inert milling media, wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a solution that includes HF; and thereafter followed by a step of,
annealing the particles that are wet milled by contacting the particles with a fluorine-containing oxidizing agent, thereby providing manganese doped complex fluoride phosphor.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inert milling media comprise milling balls.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inert milling media comprise PTFE.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inert milling media are inert to HF solution.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein reducing the sizes of the particles includes milling the particles in a saturated solution of A x [MF y ] in aqueous HF.