Level spacing for M-PAM optical systems with coherent detection
An apparatus includes an optical transmitter configured to provide an optical signal amplitude-modulated among M different levels. A constellation control module is configured to provide a drive signal to control the optical signal. A feedback module is configured to receive a measure of spacing between amplitude peaks of a symbol constellation of the optical signal. The feedback module is further configured to regulate the constellation control module to adjust the optical signal in response to the measure of spacing.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an optical receiver configured to demodulate a received optical signal and to produce a symbol constellation therefrom; and
a constellation characterization module configured to determine a spacing between amplitude peaks of the symbol constellation,
wherein each of a plurality of symbols of the symbol constellation is represented by one of a corresponding plurality of concentric symbol rings in the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) plane, and the constellation characterization module is configured to resolve the symbols by determining said spacing between the concentric symbol rings.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver includes a local oscillator and optical hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver includes an optical 120-degree hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical receiver is configured to determine values of the symbols independent of optical field value of the symbol rings.
5. An apparatus, comprising:
an optical receiver configured to demodulate a received optical signal and to produce a symbol constellation therefrom;
a constellation characterization module configured to determine, without carrier frequency or phase recovery, a spacing between amplitude peaks of the symbol constellation, and to provide a measure of the spacing.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the optical receiver includes a local oscillator and optical hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the optical receiver includes an optical 120-degree hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the optical receiver determines values of the symbols independent of optical field value of the symbol rings.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein symbols of the symbol constellation are represented by concentric symbol rings in the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) plane, and the constellation characterization module is configured to and to resolve symbols of said symbol constellation by determining a spacing between the concentric symbol rings.
10. A method, comprising:
configuring an optical receiver to demodulate a received optical signal and to produce a symbol constellation therefrom; and
configuring a constellation characterization module to determine a spacing between amplitude peaks of the symbol constellation,
wherein each of a plurality of symbols of the symbol constellation is represented by one of a corresponding plurality of concentric symbol rings in the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) plane, and the constellation characterization module is configured to resolve the symbols by determining said spacing between the concentric symbol rings.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the optical receiver includes a local oscillator and optical hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the optical receiver includes an optical 120-degree hybrid configured to determine in-phase and quadrature components of the optical signal.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the optical receiver is configured to determine values of the symbols independent of optical field value of the symbol rings.