Gear backlash control for an opposed-piston engine
An opposed-piston engine includes a backlash reducing gear with at least a first and second gear that move relative to each other because of a hydraulic pressure applied within the gear. A backlash control system that includes the backlash reducing gear can dynamically adjust backlash between at least two gears in the gear train of the engine during operation of the engine instead of setting backlash prior to operation of the engine. A method for adjusting backlash in a two-stroke-cycle, opposed-piston engine with a backlash reducing gear includes providing hydraulic fluid, such as oil, to the gear, and allowing the backlash reducing gear to adapt to changes in the engine that include temperature changes, torque reversals, changes in load and the like. The backlash reducing gear adapts to changes in the engine by controlled leaking and intake of oil.
1. A backlash reducing gear adapted for use in an opposed-piston internal combustion engine having a gear train with an arrangement of gears coupling at least one crankshaft to an output drive, the backlash reducing gear comprising:
a first gear with gear teeth and a recess for receiving oil;
a second gear with teeth and a protrusion for fitting and moving within the recess in the first gear;
a gear post on which the first gear and the second gear are mounted, the first gear and second gear configured to rotate about the gear post;
an oil groove formed between the first and second gear, the oil groove in fluid communication with the recess;
an oil inlet in fluid communication with a source of oil and the recess;
an oil leak orifice in fluid communication with the oil groove and/or the recess; and
a check valve in fluid communication with the oil inlet and the recess, the check valve configured to maintain a static hydraulic pressure within the backlash reducing gear at a level that maintains minimal backlash between the backlash reducing gear and at least one adjacent gear in the gear train,
in which the oil inlet, oil groove, and recess form an oil flow path that is configured such that when the backlash reducing gear is in use, oil flows along the oil groove so that hydraulic pressure is exerted on all sides of the protrusion.
2. The backlash reducing gear of claim 1 , wherein the gear post comprises a fluid connection to a source of pressurized oil.
3. The backlash reducing gear of claim 1 , comprising two or more recesses for receiving oil and two or more protrusions for fitting and moving within the recesses.
4. The backlash reducing gear of claim 1 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.
5. An opposed-piston internal combustion engine comprising:
a gear train comprising an arrangement of gears coupling at least one crankshaft to an output drive;
an oil providing system comprising an oil source; and
a backlash reducing gear in the gear train, the backlash reducing gear comprising:
a first gear with gear teeth and a recess for receiving oil;
a second gear with teeth and a protrusion for fitting and moving within the recess in the first gear;
a gear post on which the first gear and the second gear a mounted, the first gear and second gear configured to rotate about the gear post;
an oil groove formed between the first and second gear, the oil groove in fluid communication with the recess;
an oil inlet in fluid communication with a source of oil and the recess;
an oil leak orifice in fluid communication with the oil groove and/or the recess; and
a check valve in fluid communication with the oil inlet and the recess, the check valve configured to maintain a static hydraulic pressure within the backlash reducing gear at a level that maintains minimal backlash between the backlash reducing gear and at least one adjacent gear in the gear train,
in which the oil inlet, oil groove, and recess form an oil flow path that is configured such that when the backlash reducing gear is in use, oil flows along the oil groove so that hydraulic pressure is exerted on all sides of the protrusion.
6. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 5 , wherein the gear post comprises a fluid connection to a source of pressurized oil.
7. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 5 , wherein the backlash reducing gear comprises two or more recesses for receiving oil and two or more protrusions for fitting and moving within the recesses.
8. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 5 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.
9. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 5 , wherein the gear train comprises two or more backlash reducing gears.
10. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 9 , wherein the gear train includes at least one backlash reducing gear for each pair of adjacent gears in the gear train.
11. A method for dynamically adjusting backlash between two adjacent gears in a gear train of an opposed-piston internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with longitudinally-separated exhaust and intake ports and a pair of pistons disposed in opposition to one another in a bore of the cylinder, each piston in the pair of pistons connected to a crankshaft, each crankshaft connected to a crank gear in the gear train, such that there is a backlash reducing gear, as in claim 1 , adjacent to at least one mating gear in the gear train, the method comprising:
providing oil to a recess in the backlash reducing gear;
in response to hydraulic pressure exerted by the oil in the recess, rotating the first gear and the second gear of the backlash reducing gear relative to each other until rotation is limited by teeth of the at least one mating gear; and
maintaining a static hydraulic pressure within the recess at a level that reduces backlash between the teeth of the backlash reducing gear and the at least one mating gear.
12. The backlash reducing gear of claim 2 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.
13. The backlash reducing gear of claim 3 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.
14. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 6 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.
15. The opposed-piston internal combustion engine of claim 7 , wherein the oil groove comprises a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the first gear and/or a rut, cut, channel, trench, trough, canal, gouge, or the like in the second gear.