Fluid-cooled copper lid for arc furnace
An outer lid for an arc furnace includes an outer lid formed from copper or a copper alloy. The outer lid also includes electrode ports, an off-gas chute, and a charge chute. Cooling circuits are present within the outer lid. The bottom surface of the outer lid is exposed to the internal volume of a crucible, and promotes accretion of slag, which can act as a heat barrier.
1. An outer lid for an arc furnace, comprising:
a top surface and a bottom surface;
a plurality of electrode ports;
an off-gas chute;
a charge chute;
a plurality of cooling circuits within the outer lid for flowing a cooling fluid, each cooling circuit comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein each electrode port has a cooling circuit surrounding it, and at least one cooling circuit runs around an outer perimeter of the outer lid; and
a fluid-cooled sleeve for the off-gas chute, wherein the fluid-cooled sleeve comprises a sidewall and a flange for securing the sleeve to the top surface of the outer lid, the sidewall having a cooling circuit running therethrough designed to deliver water first to a bottom of the sidewall and then flow around the sidewall to a top of the sidewall, and the sleeve having a length sufficient to extend entirely through the off-gas chute;
wherein the outer lid is made of copper or a copper alloy.
2. The outer lid of claim 1 , wherein the bottom surface is shaped to promote accretion.
3. The outer lid of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrode ports consists of three electrode ports located within a delta section of the outer lid.
4. The outer lid of claim 1 , wherein the copper alloy is C81100.
5. The outer lid of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid-cooled sleeve for the charge chute.
6. The outer lid of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of electrode rings, one electrode ring being used in each electrode port.
7. The outer lid of claim 6 , wherein each electrode ring is made from a refractory material selected from the group consisting of zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silicon carbide, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), magnesia (MgO), tungsten carbide, boron nitride, hafnium carbide, tantalum hafnium carbide, chromia (Cr 2 O 3 ), dolomite, and periclase.
8. The outer lid of claim 1 , wherein the bottom surface is flat.
9. An outer lid for an arc furnace, comprising:
a top surface and a bottom surface;
a plurality of electrode ports;
an off-gas chute;
a charge chute; and
a plurality of cooling circuits within the outer lid for flowing a cooling fluid, each cooling circuit comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein each electrode port has a cooling circuit surrounding it, and at least one cooling circuit runs around an outer perimeter of the outer lid;
wherein the outer lid is made of copper or a copper alloy; and
wherein the outer lid is formed as a base ring section and a delta section, the delta section containing the plurality of electrode ports and the cooling circuits surrounding each electrode port, and the base ring section having an annular shape with a hollow spot in the center and containing the at least one cooling circuit running around the outer perimeter of the outer lid.
10. An arc furnace, comprising:
a crucible; and
a roof comprising an outer lid, wherein the outer lid comprises:
a top surface and a bottom surface;
a plurality of electrode ports;
an off-gas chute;
a charge chute;
a plurality of cooling circuits within the outer lid for flowing a cooling fluid, each cooling circuit comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein each electrode port has a cooling circuit surrounding it, and at least one cooling circuit runs around an outer perimeter of the outer lid; and
a fluid-cooled sleeve for the off-gas chute, wherein the fluid-cooled sleeve comprises a sidewall and a flange for securing the sleeve to the top surface of the outer lid, the sidewall having a cooling circuit running therethrough designed to deliver water first to a bottom of the sidewall and then flow around the sidewall to a top of the sidewall, and the sleeve having a length sufficient to extend entirely through the off-gas chute;
wherein the outer lid is made of copper or a copper alloy.
11. The arc furnace of claim 10 , wherein the roof further comprises an inner lid comprising carbon.
12. The arc furnace of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of electrode ports consists of three electrode ports located within a delta section of the outer lid.
13. The arc furnace of claim 10 , further comprising a plurality of electrode rings, one electrode ring being used in each electrode port.
14. An arc furnace, comprising:
a crucible; and
a roof comprising an outer lid, wherein the outer lid comprises:
a top surface and a bottom surface;
a plurality of electrode ports;
an off-gas chute;
a charge chute; and
a plurality of cooling circuits within the outer lid for flowing a cooling fluid, each cooling circuit comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein each electrode port has a cooling circuit surrounding it, and at least one cooling circuit runs around an outer perimeter of the outer lid;
wherein the outer lid is made of copper or a copper alloy; and
wherein the outer lid is formed as a base ring section and a delta section, the delta section containing the plurality of electrode ports and the cooling circuits surrounding each electrode port, and the base ring section having an annular shape with a hollow spot in the center and containing the at least one cooling circuit running around the outer perimeter of the outer lid.
15. The arc furnace of claim 10 , wherein the copper alloy is C81100.