Non-replicative transduction particles and transduction particle-based reporter systems
Methods and systems are provided for packaging reporter nucleic acid molecules into non-replicative transduction particles for use as reporter molecules. The non-replicative transduction particles can be constructed from viruses and use viral transduction and replication systems. The reporter nucleic acid molecules include a reporter gene, such as a reporter molecule or selectable marker, for detecting target genes or cells. Methods and systems are provided for detection of cells and target nucleic acid molecules using the non-replicative transduction particles as reporter molecules.
1. A cell packaging system for packaging a reporter nucleic acid molecule into a non-replicative transduction particle, said cell packaging system comprising:
a host cell;
a virus nucleic acid molecule inside said host cell comprising a first gene that contains a first component being disrupted, wherein disruption of said first component prevents packaging of said virus nucleic acid molecule into said non-replicative transduction particle, wherein said disruption is selected from introducing a silent mutation into said first component or deleting said first component; and
a reporter nucleic acid molecule inside said host cell and separate from said virus nucleic acid molecule, comprising a second gene that contains a second component, wherein said second component complements said disruption of said first component and facilitates the packaging of said reporter nucleic acid molecule into said non-replicative transduction particle.
2. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said complementation does not facilitate the packaging of said virus nucleic acid into said non-replicative transduction particle.
3. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid is a plasmid.
4. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid is a genomic island.
5. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said first gene and said second gene is a gene encoding a protein involved in said packaging.
6. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said first component and said second component is a packaging initiation site sequence.
7. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises an origin of replication.
8. The cell packaging system of claim 7 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises said origin of replication capable of producing said reporter nucleic acid to form a replicon amenable to packaging into said non-replicative transduction particle.
9. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises a reporter gene.
10. The cell packaging system of claim 9 , wherein said reporter gene encodes a detectable and/or a selectable marker.
11. The cell packaging system of claim 9 , wherein said reporter gene is selected from the group consisting of enzymes mediating luminescence reactions, enzymes mediating colorimetric reactions, fluorescent proteins, affinity peptides, selectable markers, and nucleic acid molecules including transcripts, aptamers, switchable aptamers, and ribozymes.
12. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule produces a reporter molecule comprising a first nucleic acid sequence that is complementary to a second nucleic acid sequence.
13. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises a promoter operatively linked to a reporter gene wherein said promoter is a constitutive or conditional promoter.
14. The cell packaging system of claim 13 , wherein said promoter is selected for contributing to reactivity of a reporter molecule expressed from said reporter nucleic acid molecule in a cell.
15. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said virus nucleic acid molecule is bacteriophage P1 genome.
16. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said first gene and said second gene is a pacA gene of bacteriophage P1.
17. The cell packaging system of claim 7 , wherein said origin of replication on said reporter nucleic acid molecule is from pBHR1.
18. The cell packaging system of claim 17 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises a bacteriophage P1 lytic replicon comprising a C1 repressor-controlled P53 promoter, a promoter P53 antisense, a repL gene, and an in-frame deletion of a kilA gene.
19. The cell packaging system of claim 1 , wherein said reporter nucleic acid molecule comprises a β-lactamase promoter operatively linked to a reporter gene.
20. A method for producing a non-replicative transduction particle packaged with a reporter nucleic acid, comprising:
providing a host cell comprising a virus nucleic acid molecule inside said host cell comprising a first gene that contains a first component being disrupted, wherein disruption of said first component prevents packaging of said virus nucleic acid molecule into said non-replicative transduction particle, wherein said disruption is selected from introducing a silent mutation into said first component or deleting said first component; and a reporter nucleic acid molecule inside said host cell and separate from said virus nucleic acid molecule, comprising a second gene that contains a second component, wherein said second component complements said disruption of said first component and facilitates the packaging of said reporter nucleic acid molecule into said non-replicative transduction particle;
inducing a lytic phase of said virus nucleic acid molecule to produce non-replicative transduction particles packaged with said reporter nucleic acid molecule; and
isolating said non-replicative transduction particle.
21. A composition comprising a non-replicative transduction particle packaged with a reporter nucleic acid molecule produced from the method of claim 20 .
22. A method for determining a presence or an absence of a cell in a sample, comprising:
(a) introducing into a sample a non-replicative transduction particle of claim 21 ;
(b) providing conditions for expression of a reporter molecule packaged in said non-replicative transduction particle; and
detecting a reporter signal transmitted from said expressed reporter molecule, wherein presence of said reporter signal indicates presence of said cell in said sample and absence of said reporter signal indicates absence of said cell in said sample.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising prior to step (b), a step of providing a reagent to said sample at a pre-determined concentration and detecting a presence or absence of said reporter signal to determine whether said cell is resistant or sensitive to said reagent.
24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising prior to step (b), a step of providing varying pre-determined concentrations of a reagent to said sample and detecting the amount of said reporter signal to determine a minimum inhibitory concentration of said reagent to said cell.