Nanocellulose-polystyrene composites
A new polystyrene-nanocellulose composite material is disclosed. The composite may contain about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt %, such as about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % of nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose is lignin-coated nanocellulose, such as lignin-coated nanocellulose is obtained from an AVAP® biomass-fractionation process. The nanocellulose may include cellulose nanocrystals and/or cellulose nanofibrils. The polymer composite may be in the form of a polymer melt, or a finished polymer material. The composite is characterized by IZOD impact resistance that is at least 50% (such as 75% or more) higher compared to the polystyrene alone.
1. A polymer composite comprising polystyrene and hydrophobic, lignin-coated nanocellulose.
2. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite contains about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % of said nanocellulose.
3. The polymer composite of claim 2 , wherein said composite contains about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % of said nanocellulose.
4. The polymer composite of claim 3 , wherein said composite contains about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % of said nanocellulose.
5. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose is obtained from a biomass-fractionation process comprising fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate lignin-coated cellulose, followed by mechanically refining said lignin-coated cellulose to produce said nanocellulose.
6. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said nanocellulose includes cellulose nanocrystals and/or cellulose nanofibrils.
7. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer composite is a polymer melt.
8. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said polymer composite is a finished polymer material.
9. The polymer composite of claim 1 , wherein said composite is characterized by IZOD impact resistance that is at least 50% higher compared to said polystyrene alone.