Determining return of spontaneous circulation during CPR

1. A device for supporting determination of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during an associated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedure which is being performed on an associated patient, the device comprising:

an input for receiving a signal from a photoelectric plethysmography (PPG) sensor and/or electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor for sensing a physiological signal of the associated patient;

a processor, which is adapted to:

perform frequency analysis of the physiological signal;

detect and discriminate pulseless electrical activity (PEA) components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal, wherein the spontaneous pulse component includes an arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component and a stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component and wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has a detectable pulse rate; and

provide an output based on the detected PEA, compression-induced and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal to support determination that there has been ROSC;

and a display device,

wherein the processor is adapted to control the display device to output an image which shows the PEA components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal over time as a two-dimensional frequency-time plot with the arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component represented as discrete data points, and further wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component is displayed when spontaneous circulation returns to the associated patient, and further wherein a timer is displayed showing a duration that the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has been detected uninterruptedly.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the processor is further adapted to extract the dominant fundamental frequency components of harmonic frequency series within the physiological signal, and to control the display device to output an image based on the extracted dominant fundamental frequency components.

3. A device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the processor is adapted to perform frequency analysis of at least the dominant fundamental frequency components and first harmonic components present in the physiological signal.

4. A device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the processor is adapted to perform frequency analysis of at least second harmonic components present in the physiological signal.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a further sensor or sensors for sensing:

one or more CPR compressions; and/or

a capnography signal.

6. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the processor is adapted to determine the quality of any determined potential ROSC.

7. A device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the processor is adapted to control the display device to output an image which shows:

the quality of the CPR compressions; and/or

the quality of any determined potential ROSC.

8. A method for supporting determination of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during an associated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedure which is being performed on an associated patient, the method comprising:

sensing a physiological signal of the associated patient via a photoelectric plethysmography (PPG) sensor and/or electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor;

performing frequency analysis of the physiological signal;

detecting and discriminating pulseless electrical activity (PEA) components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal, wherein the spontaneous pulse component includes an arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component and a stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component and wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has a detectable pulse rate; and

providing an output on a display device based on the detected PEA, compression-induced and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal to support determination that there has been ROSC, wherein the output shows the PEA components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal over time as a two dimensional frequency-time plot with the arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component represented as discrete data points, and further wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component is displayed when spontaneous circulation returns to the associated patient, and further wherein a timer is displayed showing a duration that the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has been detected uninterruptedly.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 , comprising extracting the dominant fundamental frequency components of harmonic frequency series within the physiological signal, and providing an output based on the extracted dominant fundamental frequency components.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 , comprising performing frequency analysis of at least the dominant fundamental frequency components and first harmonic components present in the physiological signal, and optionally also at least second harmonic components present in the physiological signal.

11. A method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising sensing one or more CPR compressions and determining the quality of the CPR compressions.

12. A method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the output shows: the quality of the CPR compressions; and/or the quality of any determined potential ROSC.

13. A non-transitory medium storing a computer program product for supporting determination of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during an associated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedure which is being performed on an associated patient, comprising instructions configured to:

sense a physiological signal of the associated patient via a photoelectric plethysmography (PPG) sensor and/or a electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor;

perform frequency analysis of the physiological signal;

detect and discriminate pulseless electrical activity (PEA) components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal, wherein the spontaneous pulse component includes an arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component and a stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component and wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has a detectable pulse rate: and provide an output on a display device based on the detected PEA, compression-induced and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal to support determination that there has been ROSC, wherein the output shows the PEA components, compression-induced components and spontaneous pulse components within the physiological signal over time as a two-dimensional frequency-time plot with the arrhythmic spontaneous pulse component represented as discrete data points, and further wherein the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component is displayed when spontaneous circulation returns to the associated patient, and further wherein a timer is displayed showing a duration that the stable fundamental spontaneous pulse component has been detected uninterruptedly.