Sugar mixtures and methods for production and use thereof
A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ≥0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ≥0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ≥0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.
1. A lignocellulosic hydrolysate comprising:
monosaccharides;
higher oligosaccharides comprising three or more sugar units;
a ratio of pentose to total saccharides of ≥ 0.05 weight/weight;
at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose;
at least one beta-bonded di-glucose;
a ratio of mineral acid to total saccharides of ≤ 0.03 weight/weight; and
a ratio of total saccharides to water of ≥ 0.35 weight/weight,
wherein a ratio of the higher oligosaccharides to total saccharides is ≤ 0.2 weight/weight.
2. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of at least one of the alpha-bonded di-glucose and the beta-bonded di-glucose to total saccharides is ≥ 0.01 weight/weight.
3. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , wherein the at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose comprises maltose, isomaltose or trehalose.
4. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , wherein the at least one beta-bonded di-glucose comprises gentiobiose, sophorose or cellobiose.
5. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , wherein the monosaccharides comprise glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose.
6. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , further comprising hexanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
7. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , further comprising a microorganism.
8. The hydrolysate of claim 7 , wherein the microorganism is a genetically modified microorganism.
9. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is not an acid or an enzyme.
10. The hydrolysate of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysate is de-salted.
11. A method comprising:
providing the lignocellulosic hydrolysate of claim 1 ; and
converting the saccharides in the hydrolysate to a conversion product.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the converting comprises fermentation.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the converting comprises catalytic conversion.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, amino acids, monomers for the polymer industry and proteins.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conversion product is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, butanol, isobutanol, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty alcohol and biodiesel.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising converting the conversion product to a consumer product or an ingredient of a consumer product.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conversion product is characterized by a ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 of about 2.0×10 −13 or greater.
18. A fermentation media comprising:
monosaccharide hydrolysates;
higher oligosaccharide hydrolysates comprising three or more sugar units;
a ratio of pentose to total saccharides of ≥ 0.05 weight/weight;
at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose;
at least one beta-bonded di-glucose;
a ratio of mineral acid to total saccharides of ≤ 0.03 weight/weight; and
a microorganism.
19. A lignocellulosic hydrolysate comprising:
monosaccharides;
higher oligosaccharides comprising three or more sugar units;
a ratio of pentose to total saccharides of ≥ 0.05 weight/weight;
at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose;
at least one beta-bonded di-glucose; and
a ratio of mineral acid to total saccharides of ≤ 0.03 weight/weight,
wherein a ratio of the higher oligosaccharides to total saccharides is ≤ 0.2 weight/weight, and
wherein the lignocellulosic hydrolysate is capable of use in a catalytic conversion process for converting monosaccharides into a conversion product.