Methods and apparati for nondestructive detection of undissolved particles in a fluid
The apparati, methods, and computer program products disclosed herein can be used to nondestructively detect undissolved particles, such as glass flakes and/or protein aggregates, in a fluid in a vessel, such as, but not limited to, a fluid that contains a drug.
1. An apparatus for nondestructive detection of an undissolved particle in a vessel that is at least partially filled with a fluid, the apparatus comprising:
at least two imagers positioned to image the particle from different perspectives, each imager from among the at least two imagers configured to respectively acquire one or more two dimensional images of the particle in the fluid;
a memory operably coupled to the imager and configured to store the two dimensional images; and
a processor operably coupled to the memory and configured to detect the particle by:
combining the two dimensional images from the at least two imagers to determine three dimensional position data indicative of a position of the particle in the vessel; and
detecting the particle based at least in part on the three dimensional position data,
wherein the processor is configured to, when the three dimensional position data comprises at least one blind spot region corresponding to a region of the vessel not imaged by the at least two imagers, determine blind spot trajectory information indicative of a path of the particle in the blind spot region based at least in part on a time-series of two dimensional images of the particle from one of the at least two imagers.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify candidate particles based on the three dimensional data; and
determine size or shape information for the particle based on two dimensional position image data from at least one of the imagers.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
correct the determined size or shape information for the particle based on the three dimensional data and data indicative of position dependent optical distortion caused by the vessel.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one of the at least two imagers from which the time-series of two dimensional images is used to
determine the blind spot trajectory information indicative of the path of the particle in the blind spot region is an imager from among the at least two imagers that is located closest to the blind spot region.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least two imagers comprise at least three imagers.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two imagers comprises:
a sensor configured to detect an image of the particle; and
a corrective optical element disposed between the particle and the sensor and configured to compensate for distortion caused by curvature of the vessel.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein each of the imagers further comprises a telecentric lens disposed between the sensor and the vessel, and
wherein the corrective optical element substantially corrects for a magnification distortion caused by curvature of the vessel.
8. A method for nondestructive detection of an undissolved particle in a vessel that is at least partially filled with a fluid, the method comprising:
using at least two imagers to image the particle from different perspectives to each acquire a respective one or more two dimensional images of the particle in the fluid;
combining the two dimensional images from the at least two imagers to determine three dimensional data indicative of a position of the particle in the vessel;
detecting the particle based at least in part on the three dimensional data, and
when the three dimensional position data comprises at least one blind spot region corresponding to a region of the vessel not imaged by the at least two imagers, determining blind spot trajectory information indicative of a path of the particle in the blind spot region based at least in part on a time-series of two dimensional images of the particle from one of the at least two imagers.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
identifying candidate particles based on the three dimensional data; and
determining size or shape information for the particle based on the one or more two dimensional images from at least one of the at least two imagers.
10. The method of claim 9 , comprising:
correcting the determined size or shape information for the particle based on the three dimensional data and data indicative of position dependent optical distortion caused by the vessel.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one of the at least two imagers from which the time-series of two dimensional images is used to determine
the blind spot trajectory information indicative of the path of the particle in the blind spot region is an imager from among the at least two imagers that is located closest to the blind spot region.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least two imagers comprises at least three imagers.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein each of the at least two imagers comprises:
a sensor configured to detect an image of the particle; and
a corrective optical element disposed between the particle and the sensor and configured to compensate for distortion caused by curvature of the vessel.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the imager further comprises a telecentric lens disposed between the sensor and the vessel, and
wherein the corrective optical element substantially corrects for a magnification distortion caused by the curvature of the vessel.