Methods of treating sleep disorders

1. A method of treating a sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia-1, Formula Ia-2, Formula Ib-1, Formula Ib-2, Formula Ic-1, Formula Ic-2, Formula Id-1, or Formula Id-2:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder, or disrupted circadian rhythm associated with sleep apnia, shift work, or jet lag; wherein:

U is C;

each R 1 is, independently, H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, —CN, —OH, —SH, halo, haloalkyl, —NO 2 , —N(═O) 2 , —C(═O)OH, —NH 2 , —CF 3 , —NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , —C(═O)H, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyl, dialkylaminosulfinyl, monoalkylaminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, monoalkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, hydroxysulfonyloxy, alkoxysulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, hydroxysulfonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfonylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl, aminosulfinylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfinylalkyl, or dialkylaminosulfinylalkyl, where r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

each R 2 and R 3 is, independently, H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, —CN, —OH, —SH, halo, haloalkyl, —NO 2 , —C(═O)OH, —NH 2 , —CF 3 , —NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , —C(═O)H, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyl, dialkylaminosulfinyl, monoalkylaminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, monoalkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, hydroxysulfonyloxy, alkoxysulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, hydroxysulfonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfonylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl, aminosulfinylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfinylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfinylalkyl, aryl, or arylC 1 -C 6 alkyl, where n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R 4 and R 5 is, independently, H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, —CN, —OH, —SH, halo, haloalkyl, —NO 2 , —C(═O)OH, —NH 2 , —CF 3 , —NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , —C(═O)H, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyl, dialkylaminosulfinyl, monoalkylaminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, monoalkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, hydroxysulfonyloxy, alkoxysulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, hydroxysulfonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfonylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl, aminosulfinylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfinylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfinylalkyl, aryl, or arylC 1 -C 6 alkyl, where p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;

W is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

Y is H, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, —CN, —OH, —SH, halo, haloalkyl, —NO 2 , —C(═O)OH, —NH 2 , —CF 3 , —NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , —C(═O)H, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyl, dialkylaminosulfinyl, monoalkylaminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, monoalkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, hydroxysulfonyloxy, alkoxysulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, hydroxysulfonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfonylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl, aminosulfinylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfinylalkyl, or dialkylamino sulfinylalkyl;

X is O or S;

Z is O or S;

R 7 is H or halo;

Q is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 6 alkylaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with —(R 6 ) t , where t is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

R 8 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and

each R 6 is, independently, H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, —CN, —OH, —SH, halo, haloalkyl, —NO 2 , —N(═O) 2 , —C(═O)OH, —NH 2 , —CF 3 , —O—S(═O) 2 OH, —NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , —C(═O)H, —C(═O) C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —C(═O) C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, carbalkoxy, carboxamido, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, aminosulfinyl, dialkylaminosulfinyl, monoalkylaminosulfinyl, aminosulfonyl, monoalkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, hydroxysulfonyloxy, alkoxysulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, hydroxysulfonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfonylalkyl, dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl, aminosulfinylalkyl, monoalkylaminosulfinylalkyl, or dialkylaminosulfinylalkyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mammal is a human.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the administration is oral.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is insomnia.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is restless legs syndrome.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is narcolepsy.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is REM sleep behavior disorder.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the sleep disorder associated with altered sleep rhythm and/or architecture is disrupted circadian rhythm associated with sleep apnia, shift work, or jet lag.

9. A method of treating a sleep disorder in a human comprising orally administering to the human in need thereof an effective amount of 3-(β-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoyl sydnonimine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the sleep disorder is insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder, or disrupted circadian rhythm associated with sleep apnia, shift work, or jet lag.

10. A method of treating a sleep disorder in a human comprising orally administering to the human in need thereof an effective amount of 3-(β-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoyl sydnonimine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the sleep disorder is insomnia, narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder, or disrupted circadian rhythm associated with sleep apnia, shift work, or jet lag.