Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices
Aspects of this disclosure concern controllers and control methods for applying a drive voltage to bus bars of optically switchable devices such as electrochromic devices. Such devices are often provided on windows such as architectural glass. In certain embodiments, the applied drive voltage is controlled in a manner that efficiently drives an optical transition over the entire surface of the electrochromic device. The drive voltage is controlled to account for differences in effective voltage experienced in regions between the bus bars and regions proximate the bus bars. Regions near the bus bars experience the highest effective voltage.
1. A method of controlling an optical transition of an electrochromic device from a starting optical state to an ending optical state, the method comprising:
(a) applying a drive voltage for driving the electrochromic device to transition from the starting optical state to the ending optical state, wherein the drive voltage is applied to bus bars of the electrochromic device;
(b) before the transition is complete, reducing the magnitude of the voltage applied to the bus bars to a magnitude less than the drive voltage;
(c) after reducing the magnitude of voltage applied to the bus bars, detecting current or open circuit voltage in the electrochromic device;
(d) determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (c) has a characteristic indicating that the optical transition is nearly complete; and
(e) if it is determined in (d) that the optical transition is not yet nearly complete, increasing the magnitude of the voltage applied to the bus bars to the drive voltage and applying the drive voltage for an additional duration of time.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising if it is determined in (d) that the optical transition is nearly complete, applying a hold voltage for holding the ending optical state.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voltage is reduced in (b) from the drive voltage to the hold voltage.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (c) has the characteristic indicating that the optical transition is nearly complete comprises determining whether the current in a particular direction drops below a threshold level.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the threshold level is 0 amps.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein (b)-(d) are repeated at a frequency of between about 5 seconds and 5 minutes.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voltage is reduced in (b) at a defined time after applying the drive voltage in (a), the defined time being at most about 30 minutes.
8. A method of controlling an optical transition of an electrochromic device from a starting optical state to an ending optical state, the method comprising:
(a) applying a drive voltage or drive current for driving the electrochromic device to transition from the starting optical state to the ending optical state, wherein the drive voltage or drive current is applied to bus bars of the electrochromic device;
(b) detecting current or open circuit voltage in the electrochromic device;
(c) determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (b) has a characteristic indicating that the optical transition will complete within a target timeframe; and
(d) if it is determined in (c) that the optical transition will not complete within the target timeframe, applying a modified drive voltage or a modified drive current, wherein the magnitude of the modified drive voltage or modified drive current is greater than the magnitude of the drive voltage or drive current, respectively, applied in (a).
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising if it is determined in (c) that the optical transition will complete within the target timeframe, applying the drive voltage or drive current.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein (b) comprises reducing the magnitude of the voltage or current applied to the bus bars to a magnitude less than the drive voltage or drive current.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein reducing the magnitude of the voltage or current applied to the bus bars is performed at a defined time after applying the drive voltage or drive current in (a), the defined time being at most about 30 minutes.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (b) has a characteristic indicating that the optical transition will complete within a target timeframe comprises determining whether the current or open circuit voltage is within a defined range.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising repeating (b)-(c).
14. A method of controlling an optical transition of an electrochromic device from a starting optical state to an ending optical state, the method comprising:
(a) applying a drive voltage for driving the electrochromic device to transition from the starting optical state to the ending optical state, wherein the drive voltage is applied to bus bars of the electrochromic device;
(b) before the transition is complete, reducing the magnitude of the voltage applied to the bus bars to a hold voltage;
(c) after reducing the magnitude of voltage applied to the bus bars, detecting current or open circuit voltage in the electrochromic device;
(d) determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (c) has a characteristic indicating that the optical transition is nearly complete; and
(e) if it is determined in (d) that the optical transition is nearly complete, applying the hold voltage for holding the ending optical state, wherein the magnitude of the hold voltage is lower than the magnitude of the drive voltage.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the current or open circuit voltage detected in (c) has the characteristic indicating that the optical transition is nearly complete comprises determining whether the current in a particular direction drops below a threshold level.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the threshold level is 0 amps.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein (b)-(d) are repeated at a frequency of between about 5 seconds and 5 minutes.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the voltage is reduced in (b) at a defined time after applying the drive voltage in (a), the defined time being at most about 30 minutes.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising after (d) and before (e)
(i) increasing the magnitude of voltage applied to the bus bars to the drive voltage as a result of determining in (d) that the detected current does not have the characteristic indicating that the optical transition is nearly complete; and
(ii) repeating (b)-(d).