Method of diagnosis, prognostic or treatment of neurodegenerative disease

1. A method for an in vitro screening for a modulator of the activity and/or level of a molecule selected from the group consisting of (1) a gene; (2) a transcription of a gene; (3) a translation product of a gene; (4) a fragment or derivative of (1), (2), or (3); (5) heparan sulfate; or a (6) Tau protein, the method comprising:

a) contacting a sample of a biological fluid collected from a subject being subject to a Tauopathy, provided that said Tauopathy is different from a prion disease, with a test compound,

b) determining the activity and/or level of at least one of the molecules (1)-(6) according to the following (i)-(vi) respectively for (1)-(6):

i. for (1), at least one gene selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and coding for an heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase, and/ r

ii. for (2), at least one transcription product of a gene selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 and coding for an heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase,

iii. for (3), at least one translation product of a gene selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3, said translation product being set forth respectively by SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4,

iv. for (4), a fragment or derivative of the gene of (i), the transcription product of (ii), or the translation product of (iii),

v. for (5), 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate,

vi. for (6), abnormally phosphorylated Tau protein and/or total Tau protein,

c) determining the activity and/or level determined in step b), i-vi, in a control sample of a biological fluid collected from a subject with a Tauopathy but not contacted with said test compound,

d) comparing said activity and/or level determined in the contacted sample of biological fluid contacted with the test compound in step a) with the activity and/or level determined in the non-contacted sample of biological fluid not contacted with the test compound in step c), wherein an alteration in said activity and/or level of the contacted sample indicates that the test compound is a modulator of said i-vi,

provided that the activity and/or the level determined in step b) is one of:

(i),

(ii),

(iii),

(iv),

(v),

both (v) and (iv) together,

(iv) and at least one of (i), (ii), and (iii), and

(v) and at least one of (i), (ii), and (iii).

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is a mammal, a human, a mouse, a SAMP8 mouse, a 3xTg-AD mice model of AD, or a Zebra fish.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said Tauopathy is Alzheimer's disease.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said the level of 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate is the level of 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate disaccharide.