Fire resistant garments containing a high lubricity thermal liner
Protective garments are disclosed having an inner lining with high lubricity and high strength characteristics. The inner lining, in one embodiment, contains spun yarns combined with para-aramid multifilament yarns. The spun yarns may also contain flame resistant fibers, such as meta-aramid fibers, FR cellulose fibers, or mixtures thereof. The para-aramid filament yarns provide excellent strength characteristics to the fabric. In addition, in some embodiments, the multifilament yarns may enhance the fire resistant properties of the fabric. In one embodiment, the para-aramid filament yarns may have less than five twists per inch, such as from about 1 twist per inch to about four twists per inch.
1. A protective garment comprising:
a garment being in the form of a coat or trousers;
the garment including an outer shell having an exterior surface and an inside surface; and
the garment including an inner lining positioned on the inside surface of the outer shell, the inner lining comprising a woven fabric having spun yarns and filament yarns wherein the filament yarns have a size or weight greater than the spun yarns, the inner lining having an interior surface configured to be positioned to face a wearer and an opposite outside surface, the interior surface having greater lubricity than the outside surface, the spun yarns containing flame resistant fibers, the flame resistant fibers comprising meta-aramid fibers blended with flame resistant cellulose fibers, the flame resistant cellulose fibers being present in the spun yarns in an amount greater than about 30% by weight, the filament yarns are multifilament para-aramid filaments, wherein the para-aramid filaments comprise greater than 55% by weight of the woven fabric, the filament yarns having less than one twist per inch, the filament yarns occupying a greater surface area than the spun yarns on the interior surface, wherein the filament yarns comprise greater than about 70% of the interior surface of the inner liner, the fabric having a tensile strength in at least one direction according to ASTM Test D5034 of greater than or equal to 400 pounds per foot 2 (lbsf), the woven fabric of the inner lining having a basis weight of from 2 to 5 ounces per yard 2 (osy), the woven fabric including warp yarns and fill yarns, and being constructed such that either:
(a) all of the warp yarns are the filament yarns and all of the fill yarns are the spun yarns; or
(b) all of the warp yarns are the spun yarns and all of the fill yarns are the filament yarns.
2. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the filament yarns have a denier of from 100 to 400.
3. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the flame resistant cellulose fibers are present in the spun yarns in an amount greater than about 50% by weight.
4. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the inner lining has a weight of from 2 osy to less than 4 osy.
5. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein all of the warp yarns are spun yarns and all of the fill yarns are multifilament yarns.
6. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein all of the warp yarns are multifilament yarns and all of the fill yarns are spun yarns.
7. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the woven fabric of the inner lining has a twill weave.
8. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the woven fabric that comprises the inner lining has a char length of less than or equal to 40 mm in at least one direction when tested according to ASTM Test D6413 and after being subjected to five laundry cycles.
9. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the woven fabric of the inner lining has a tensile strength greater than or equal to 600 lbsf.
10. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the woven fabric of the inner lining has from 70 to 90 ends per inch and from 60 to 80 picks per inch.
11. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a moisture barrier layer located adjacent the outside surface of the inner lining.
12. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a felt layer located between the outer shell and the inner lining.
13. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the woven fabric of the inner lining includes an anti-odor agent.
14. A protective garment as defined in claim 13 , wherein the anti-odor agent comprises a silver zeolite.
15. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the meta-aramid fibers are present in the spun yarns in an amount greater than 60% by weight.
16. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the spun yarns further comprise para-aramid fibers.
17. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the flame resistant cellulose fibers comprise flame resistant rayon fibers.
18. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the flame resistant cellulose fibers are present in the spun yarns in an amount from 30% to 50% by weight.
19. A protective garment as defined in claim 1 , wherein the inner lining has an air permeability of at least 85CFM according to ASTM Test D737.
20. A protective garment comprising:
a garment being in the form of a coat or trousers;
the garment including an outer shell having an exterior surface and an inside surface; and
the garment including an inner lining positioned on the inside surface of the outer shell, the inner lining comprising a woven fabric having spun yarns and filament yarns wherein the filament yarns have a size or weight greater than the spun yarns, the inner lining having an interior surface configured to be positioned to face a wearer and an opposite outside surface, the interior surface having greater lubricity than the outside surface, the spun yarns containing flame resistant fibers, the flame resistant fibers comprising para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers, or both para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers and wherein the flame resistant fibers in the spun yarns are blended with flame resistant cellulose fibers, the flame resistant cellulose fibers being present in the spun yarns in an amount greater than about 30% by weight, the filament yarns are multifilament para-aramid filaments, wherein the para-aramid filaments comprise greater than 55% by weight of the woven fabric, the filament yarns having less than one twist per inch, the filament yarns occupying a greater surface area than the spun yarns on the interior surface, wherein the filament yarns comprise greater than about 70% of the interior surface of the inner liner, the woven fabric including warp yarns and fill yarns, and being constructed such that either;
(a) all of the warp yarns are the filament yarns and all of the fill yarns are the spun yarns; or
(b) all of the warp yarns are the spun yarns and all of the fill yarns are the filament yarns;
and wherein the inner lining further comprises an antimicrobial agent and wherein the inner lining has a tensile strength in at least one direction according to ASTM Test D5034 of greater than or equal to 400 pounds per foot 2 .
21. A protective garment as defined in claim 20 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises silver ions.
22. A protective garment as defined in claim 20 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is combined with a pre-polymer or polymer.
23. A protective garment as defined in claim 22 , wherein the polymer or pre-polymer comprises a polyester, an epoxy, an acrylic, a phenol, a melamine, a urea, a urethane, or a vinylether.
24. A liner assembly for a protective garment, the garment being in the form of a coat or trousers, the liner assembly comprising:
a moisture barrier layer;
a thermal barrier layer; and
an inner lining positioned to contact a wearer, the inner lining comprising a woven fabric having spun yarns and filament yarns wherein the filament yarns have a size or weight greater than the spun yarns, the inner lining having an interior surface configured to be positioned to face a wearer and an opposite outside surface, the interior surface having greater lubricity than the outside surface, the spun yarns containing flame resistant fibers, the flame resistant fibers comprising meta-aramid fibers, para-aramid fibers or both meta-aramid and para-aramid fibers blended with flame resistant cellulose fibers, the flame resistant cellulose fibers being present in the spun yarns in an amount greater than about 30% by weight, the filament yarns are multifilament para-aramid filaments, wherein the para-aramid filaments comprise greater than 55% by weight of the woven fabric, the filament yarns having less than one twist per inch, the filament yarns occupying a greater surface area than the spun yarns on the interior surface, wherein the filament yarns comprise greater than about 70% of the interior surface of the inner liner, the woven fabric of the inner lining having a basis weight of from 2 to 5 ounces per yard 2 (osy), the woven fabric including warp yarns and fill yarns, and being constructed such that either:
(a) all of the warp yarns are the filament yarns and all of the fill yarns are the spun yarns; or
(b) all of the warp yarns are the spun yarns and all of the fill yarns are the filament yarns and wherein the inner lining has a tensile strength in at least one direction according to ASTM Test D5034 of greater than or equal to 400 pounds per foot 2 .