Battery and capacitor assembly for a vehicle and a method for heating and cooling the battery and capacitor assembly

1. A system comprising:

an enclosure formed by a housing and a cooling plate, the housing forming a bottom wall of the enclosure and sidewalls of the enclosure, the cooling plate forming a top wall of the enclosure;

a plurality of battery cells disposed within a first zone in the enclosure;

a plurality of capacitor cells disposed within a second zone in the enclosure;

a first temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the first zone in which the plurality of battery cells are disposed;

a second temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the second zone in which the plurality of capacitor cells are disposed; and

a control module that controls an amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a plurality of thermoelectric devices to heat and cool the plurality of battery cells based on the first zone temperature and to heat and cool the plurality of capacitor cells based on the second zone temperature and independent of heating and cooling the plurality of battery cells.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the control module:

controls the amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a first one of the plurality of thermoelectric devices disposed within the first zone to one of heat and cool the plurality of battery cells; and

controls the amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a second one of the plurality of thermoelectric devices disposed within the second zone to one of heat and cool the plurality of capacitor cells.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the control module:

heats the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than a first temperature threshold; and

cools the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is greater than a second temperature threshold.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the control module:

heats the plurality of capacitor cells when the second zone temperature is less than a third temperature threshold; and

cools the plurality of capacitor cells when the second zone temperature is greater than a fourth temperature threshold.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein at least one of:

the third temperature threshold is different than the first temperature threshold; and

the fourth temperature threshold is different than the second temperature threshold.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein:

the third temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold; and

the fourth temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

7. The system of claim 4 , wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth temperature thresholds is predetermined.

8. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control module:

determines the first temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of battery cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of battery cells; and

determines the third temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of capacitor cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of capacitor cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of capacitor cells for a single discharge cycle.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the control module:

determines the first temperature threshold based on the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is equal to a maximum capacity; and

does not determine the first temperature threshold based on the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is less than the maximum capacity.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein the control module:

adjusts the first temperature threshold to a first value to maintain the capacity of the plurality of battery cells at a maximum capacity when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is equal to the maximum capacity; and

adjusts the first temperature threshold to a second value to prevent damage to the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is less than the maximum capacity, the second value being less than the first value.

11. The system of claim 4 wherein the control module:

determines the second temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of battery cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of battery cells; and

determines the fourth temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of capacitor cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of capacitor cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of capacitor cells for a single discharge cycle.

12. The system of claim 4 wherein the control module determines the second temperature threshold based on at least one of a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells and a target life of the plurality of battery cells.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the control module:

adjusts the second temperature threshold to a first value when the target amount of power of the plurality of battery cells is less than a maximum power amount; and

adjusts the second temperature threshold to a second value when the target amount of power of the plurality of battery cells is equal to the maximum power amount, the second value being greater than the first value.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein the control module:

heats the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than a first temperature threshold if the plurality of battery cells are charging; and

does not heat the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than the first temperature threshold if the plurality of battery cells are discharging.

15. A method comprising:

enclosing a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of capacitor cells within a common enclosure formed by a housing and a cooling plate, the plurality of battery cells being disposed within a first zone of the enclosure, the plurality of capacitor cells being disposed within a second zone of the enclosure, the housing forming a bottom wall of the enclosure and sidewalls of the enclosure, the cooling plate forming a top wall of the enclosure, the cooling plate isolating the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of capacitor cells from cooling fluid flowing through the cooling plate;

measuring the temperature of the first zone in which the plurality of battery cells are disposed;

measuring the temperature of the second zone in which the plurality of capacitor cells are disposed; and

controlling an amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a plurality of thermoelectric devices to heat and cool the plurality of battery cells based on the first zone temperature and to heat and cool the plurality of capacitor cells based on the second zone temperature and independent of heating and cooling the plurality of battery cells.

16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

controlling the amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a first one of the plurality of thermoelectric devices disposed within the first zone to one of heat and cool the plurality of battery cells; and

controlling the amount of at least one of current, voltage, and power supplied to a second one of the plurality of thermoelectric devices disposed within the second zone to one of heat and cool the plurality of capacitor cells.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:

heating the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than a first temperature threshold; and

cooling the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is greater than a second temperature threshold.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

heating the plurality of capacitor cells when the second zone temperature is less than a third temperature threshold; and

cooling the plurality of capacitor cells when the second zone temperature is greater than a fourth temperature threshold.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein at least one of:

the third temperature threshold is different than the first temperature threshold; and

the fourth temperature threshold is different than the second temperature threshold.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein:

the third temperature threshold is less than the first temperature threshold; and

the fourth temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

21. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth temperature thresholds is predetermined.

22. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:

determining the first temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of battery cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of battery cells; and

determining the third temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of capacitor cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of capacitor cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of capacitor cells for a single discharge cycle.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising:

determining the first temperature threshold based on the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is equal to a maximum capacity; and

not determining the first temperature threshold based on the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is less than the maximum capacity.

24. The method of claim 22 further comprising:

adjusting the first temperature threshold to a first value to maintain the capacity of the plurality of battery cells at a maximum capacity when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is equal to the maximum capacity; and

not adjusting the first temperature threshold to a second value to prevent damage to the plurality of battery cells when the target capacity of the plurality of battery cells is less than the maximum capacity, the second value being less than the first value.

25. The method of claim 18 further comprising:

determining the second temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of battery cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of battery cells; and

determining the fourth temperature threshold based on at least one of a target resistance of the plurality of capacitor cells, a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of capacitor cells, and a target capacity of the plurality of capacitor cells for a single discharge cycle.

26. The method of claim 18 further comprising determining the second temperature threshold based on at least one of a target amount of power supplied by the plurality of battery cells and a target life of the plurality of battery cells.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising:

adjusting the second temperature threshold to a first value when the target amount of power of the plurality of battery cells is less than a maximum power amount; and

adjusting the second temperature threshold to a second value when the target amount of power of the plurality of battery cells is equal to the maximum power amount, the second value being greater than the first value.

28. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

heating the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than a first temperature threshold if the plurality of battery cells are charging; and

not heating the plurality of battery cells when the first zone temperature is less than the first temperature threshold if the plurality of battery cells are discharging.