Generation of oxygen depleted air by a fuel cell system
The present disclosure is directed to a fuel cell system for generating oxygen depleted air. The fuel cell system may include a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode. The cathode may be configured to receive an air flow and discharge an oxygen depleted air flow. The fuel cell system may further include a sensor configured to generate a first signal indicative of a presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow and a controller in communication with the sensor and the fuel cell. The controller may be configured to detect the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow based on the first signal, and in response to detecting the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow, selectively cause a current density of the fuel cell to decrease and/or increase a flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode, the cathode configured to receive an air flow and discharge an oxygen depleted air flow;
a sensor configured to generate a first signal indicative of a presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow; and
a controller in communication with the sensor and the fuel cell, wherein the controller is configured to:
detect the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow based on the first signal;
in response to detecting the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow, selectively cause a current density of the fuel cell to decrease and/or increase a flow rate of the air flow to the cathode;
determine a maximum value for the current density of the fuel cell by increasing the current density until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow; and
determine a minimum value for the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode by decreasing the flow rate until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to regulate a concentration of oxygen in the oxygen depleted air flow by regulating the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to regulate a volumetric flow rate of the oxygen depleted air flow by regulating the current density of the fuel cell.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising a detector configured to generate a second signal indicative of a voltage value of the fuel cell, wherein:
the detector is in communication with the controller; and
the controller is configured to regulate at least one of the current density of the fuel cell and the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode so that the voltage value of the fuel cell remains above a minimum set point.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane and the presence of hydrogen indicates the formation of a hole in the proton exchange membrane.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to run a feedback control scheme, utilizing at least one of Proportional-Integral-Derivative control, adaptive control, optimal control, model predictive control, nonlinear control, and intelligent control.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to adaptively regulate drying of the fuel cell based on the first signal.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:
detect the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow based on the second signal; and
in response to detecting the presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow, selectively cause the current density of the fuel cell to decrease and/or increase the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.
9. A method of generating an oxygen depleted air flow, comprising:
supplying an air flow to a cathode of a fuel cell, wherein the air flow is transformed to an oxygen depleted air flow by electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell;
detecting a presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow discharged from the cathode;
controlling a current density of the fuel cell and/or a flow rate of the air flow to the cathode based on the detected presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow;
determining a maximum value for the current density of the fuel cell by increasing the current density until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow; and
determining a minimum value for the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode by decreasing the flow rate until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising controlling a concentration of oxygen in the oxygen depleted air flow by controlling the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising controlling a volumetric flow rate of the oxygen depleted air flow by controlling the current density of the fuel cell.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
detecting a voltage value of the fuel cell; and
regulating at least one of the current density of the fuel cell and the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode so that the voltage value remains above a minimum set point.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising supplying the oxygen depleted air flow to a fire suppression system.
14. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode, the cathode configured to receive an air flow and discharge an oxygen depleted air flow;
a detector configured to generate a first signal indicative of a voltage value of the fuel cell;
a sensor configured to generate a second signal indicative of presence of hydrogen in the oxygen depleted air flow; and
a controller in communication with the detector, the sensor, and the fuel cell, wherein the controller is configured to:
measure the voltage value of the fuel cell based on the first signal;
in response to the voltage value, selectively regulate a current density of the fuel cell and/or a flow rate of the air flow to the cathode;
determine a maximum value for the current density of the fuel cell by increasing the current density until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow; and
determine a minimum value for the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode by decreasing the flow rate until the presence of hydrogen is detected in the oxygen depleted air flow.
15. The fuel cell system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to regulate a concentration of oxygen in the oxygen depleted air flow by regulating the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.
16. The fuel cell system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to regulate a volumetric flow rate of the oxygen depleted air flow by regulating the current density of the fuel cell.
17. The fuel cell system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to regulate a voltage value of the fuel cell above a minimum set point by regulating at least one of the current density of the fuel cell and the flow rate of the air flow to the cathode.