Lossless snubber circuits
The combined voltage regulator and snubber circuit generally has a voltage regulator device in parallel with the energy storage element of the snubber circuit operatively connectable in series with a leakage inductance current path; the leakage inductance being part of a magnetic component utilized in a switch-mode power supply having an input voltage source, controllable semiconductor switches, freewheeling semiconductor switches, feedback controller, reactive energy storage components and a load; the voltage regulator generally providing constant or variable voltage to the gate driver of the controllable semiconductor and/or feedback controller; the snubber circuit generally recycling leakage inductance energy to the input capacitor of a neighboring cell in a multi-cell stacked converter.
1. A switch-mode power supply with a plurality of converter cells, the switch-mode power supply comprising:
a voltage regulator of a first converter cell of the plurality of converter cells;
a first gate driver of the first converter cell;
an input capacitor of a second converter cell of the plurality of converter cells;
a snubber circuit of the second converter cell, the snubber circuit comprising an energy storage device and a reverse-biased diode connected in series therewith;
a transformer of the second converter cell in parallel with the snubber circuit; the transformer having a load output; and
a switch of the second converter cell driven by a second gate driver of the second converter cell and controlling a current through the transformer;
wherein:
the voltage regulator has an input and a regulated output, the regulated output of the voltage regulator connected to voltage rails of the first gate driver, the input of the voltage regulator connected, in parallel, across the energy storage device of the snubber circuit.
2. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a second snubber circuit of a third converter cell, the second snubber circuit comprising a second energy storage device and a second reverse-biased diode connected in series therewith; and
a second voltage regulator of the second converter cell having an input that connects, in parallel, to the second energy storage device of the second snubber circuit.
3. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 2 , wherein a third snubber circuit of the first converter cell comprises a third energy storage device and a third reverse-biased diode connected in series therewith, a resistive element being connected in parallel with the third energy storage device.
4. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor.
5. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , further comprising a load connected to the load output of the transformer.
6. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , further comprising a feedback controller configured to monitor the load output of the transformer in comparison to a reference voltage.
7. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 6 , the feedback controller comprising a subtraction block, a compensator, and a multiple-output pulse-width modulator (MPWM) generator configured to control the first gate driver and the second gate driver.
8. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , wherein the voltage regulator is selected from: a switch-mode power supply, a linear dropout regulator, a switched-capacitor converter, a shunt voltage regulator, and a series voltage regulator.
9. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 1 , wherein the voltage regulator comprises:
a voltage blocking device, connecting the input of the voltage regulator and the regulated output of the voltage regulator;
a feedback control circuit, connecting the input of the voltage regulator and a control port of the voltage blocking device; and
a voltage reference circuit, connecting the voltage blocking device to a bias voltage.
10. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 9 , wherein:
the voltage blocking device comprises a NPN BJT semiconductor transistor;
the feedback control circuit is selected from at least one of a resistor, and a semiconductor transistor; and
the voltage reference circuit comprises a current independent voltage reference and a current dependent voltage reference.
11. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 10 , wherein:
the current independent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a Zener diode and a forward biased diode; and
the current dependent voltage reference is selected from at least one of a resistor and a thermistor.
12. A switch-mode power supply comprising a plurality of converter cells connected in parallel with respect to a voltage input and a load, each converter cell comprising:
an input capacitor across an input of the converter cell;
a snubber circuit comprising an energy storage device and a reverse-biased diode connected in series therewith;
a transformer in parallel with the snubber circuit, the transformer having a load output;
a switch driven by a gate driver and controlling a current through the transformer; and
a voltage regulator having an input and a regulated output, the regulated output of the voltage regulator connected to voltage rails of the gate driver;
wherein the input of the voltage regulator of one or more first converter cells of the plurality of converter cells connects across the energy storage device of the snubber circuit of a neighbor converter cell; and
wherein the input of the voltage regulator of a second converter cell of the plurality of converter cells connects to the snubber circuit of the second converter cell.
13. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 12 , wherein the snubber circuit of a third converter cell of the plurality of converter cells comprises a resistive element in parallel with the energy storage device of that converter cell.
14. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 12 , wherein each of the energy storage devices comprise a capacitor.
15. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 12 , further comprising a load connected to the load output of the transformer.
16. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 12 , further comprising a feedback controller monitoring the load output of the transformer in comparison to a reference voltage.
17. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 16 , the feedback controller comprising a subtraction block, a compensator, and a multiple-output pulse-width modulator (MPWM) generator configured to control the respective gate driver of each converter cell of the plurality of converter cells.
18. The switch-mode power supply according to claim 12 , wherein each of the voltage regulators comprise:
a voltage blocking device, connecting the input of the voltage regulator and the regulated output of the voltage regulator;
a feedback control circuit, connecting the input of the voltage regulator and a control port of the voltage blocking device; and
a voltage reference circuit, connecting the voltage blocking device to a bias voltage.