Organic semiconducting compounds and related optoelectronic devices
The present teachings relate to new organic semiconducting compounds and their use as active materials in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The present compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The present compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.
1. A polymer comprising a first repeating unit of the formula:
wherein:
pi-1 has a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
Y, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, R 1 , and —(Ar 1 ) p —R 1 ;
Ar 1 , at each occurrence, independently is an optionally substituted divalent C 6-20 aryl or 5-20 membered heteroaryl group;
R 1 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —SR, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —Si(R) 3 , and R;
R 8 , at each occurrence, independently is H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —SR, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —Si(R) 3 , and R;
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, and a C 2-40 alkynyl group; and
p is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
pi-2 is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted conjugated polycyclic moiety that is different from pi-1; and
Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 independently are a covalent bond or a conjugated spacer group comprising at least one of a conjugated linear linker and an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety.
2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein pi-1 is selected from the group consisting of:
3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 independently are selected from the group consisting of:
and a covalent bond, wherein each Ar independently is an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety; Z is a conjugated linear linker; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
4. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein each Ar independently is an optionally substituted monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl group.
5. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each R 9 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen, CN, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 alkylthio group.
6. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein the first repeating unit has the formula:
wherein each R 1 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; each R 8 , independently is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, a C 2-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; and each Y, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, a linear or branched C 1-40 alkyl group, a linear or branched C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a linear or branched C 2-40 alkenyl group, a linear or branched C 2-40 alkynyl group, a linear or branched C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a linear or branched C 1-40 thioalkyl group.
7. The polymer of claim 6 , wherein the first repeating unit has the formula:
8. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein the first repeating unit has the formula:
wherein R 8 , at each occurrence, independently is H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —SR, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —Si(R) 3 , and R.
9. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein the first repeating unit has the formula:
wherein:
R 1 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; and
R 8 , at each occurrence, independently is H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, a C 2-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group.
10. The polymer of claim 3 , wherein the first repeating unit has the formula:
wherein:
R 1 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; and
R 8 , at each occurrence, independently is H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, a C 2-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group.
11. The polymer of claim 9 , wherein pi-2 is a conjugated polycyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
R a is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, and —C(O)OR;
R b is selected from the group consisting of H, R, and -L-R f ;
R c is H or R;
R d is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, —C(O)OR, and -L-R f ;
R e is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, —C(O)OR, and R f ;
R f is a C 6-20 aryl group or a 5-20-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1-8 groups independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, and —SR;
L is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, and a covalent bond; and
R is selected from the group consisting of a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, and a C 2-40 alkynyl group.
12. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a second repeating unit of the formula:
wherein:
pi-1′ has the formula:
wherein:
Y′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, R 1 ′, and —(Ar 1 ) p′ —R 1 ′;
Ar 1 ′, at each occurrence, independently is an optionally substituted divalent C 6-20 aryl or 5-20 membered heteroaryl group;
R 1 ′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(O)OR 4 , —C(O)R 4 , —Si(R 5 ) 3 , a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; wherein R 4 is H or a C 1-6 alkyl group; and R 5 is a C 1-6 alkyl group; and
p′ is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
pi-2′ is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted conjugated polycyclic moiety that is different from pi-1′; and
each of Sp 1 ′, Sp 2 ′, and Sp 3 ′ independently is a covalent bond or a conjugated spacer group having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each Ar′ independently is an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety; Z′ is a conjugated linear linker; and m′ is 1, 2, 3 or 4; and
provided the second repeating unit is different from the first repeating unit.
13. The polymer of claim 12 , wherein pi-1′ is
wherein:
Y′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group;
R 1 ′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; and
R 8 ′, at each occurrence, independently is H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, a C 2-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group.
14. The polymer of claim 12 , where the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit are arranged in a random manner.
15. The polymer of claim 12 having the formula:
wherein:
Y and Y′ independently are selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group;
R 1 and R 1 ′ independently are selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group;
R 8 and R 8 ′ independently are H or R 7 ; wherein R 7 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, a C 2-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group;
n is an integer in the range of 2 to 10,000; and
x and y are real numbers representing mole fractions, wherein 0.05≤x≤0.95, 0.05≤y≤0.95, and the sum of x and y is about 1;
provided Ar is different from Ar′, or pi-2 is different from pi-2′.
16. A polymer comprising a first repeating unit of the formula:
wherein:
pi-1 has a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
Y, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, R 1 , and —(Ar 1 ) p —R 1 ;
Ar 1 , at each occurrence, independently is an optionally substituted divalent C 6-20 aryl or 5-20 membered heteroaryl group;
R 1 , at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR, —SR, —C(O)OR, —C(O)R, —Si(R) 3 , and R; wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, and a C 2-40 alkynyl group; and
p is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
pi-2 is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted conjugated polycyclic moiety that is different from pi-1; and
Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 independently are a covalent bond or a conjugated spacer group comprising at least one of a conjugated linear linker and an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety; and
wherein the polymer comprises a second repeating unit of the formula:
wherein:
pi-1′ has the formula:
wherein:
Y′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of halogen, R 1 ′, and —(Ar 1 ) p —R 1 ′;
Ar 1 ′, at each occurrence, independently is an optionally substituted divalent C 6-20 aryl or 5-20 membered heteroaryl group;
R 1 ′, at each occurrence, independently is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(O)OR 4 , —C(O)R 4 , —Si(R 5 ) 3 , a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 3-40 alkenyl group, a C 3-40 alkynyl group, C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 thioalkyl group; wherein R 4 is H or a C 1-6 alkyl group; and R 5 is a C 1-6 alkyl group; and
p′ is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
pi-2′ is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted conjugated polycyclic moiety that is different from pi-1′; and
each of Sp 1 ′, Sp 2 ′, and Sp 3 ′ independently is a covalent bond or a conjugated spacer group having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each Ar′ independently is an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety; Z′ is a conjugated linear linker; and m′ is 1, 2, 3 or 4; and
provided the second repeating unit is different from the first repeating unit.
17. The polymer of claim 16 , where the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit are arranged in a random manner.
18. The polymer of claim 16 , wherein Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 independently are selected from the group consisting of:
and a covalent bond, wherein each Ar independently is an optionally substituted conjugated monocyclic moiety; Z is a conjugated linear linker; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
19. The polymer of claim 18 , wherein each Ar independently is an optionally substituted monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl group.
20. The polymer of claim 18 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each R 9 independently is selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen, CN, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 1-40 alkoxy group, and a C 1-40 alkylthio group.
21. The polymer of claim 16 , wherein pi-2 is a conjugated polycyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of:
wherein:
R a is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, and —C(O)OR;
R b is selected from the group consisting of H, R, and -L-R f ;
R c is H or R;
R d is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, —C(O)OR, and -L-R f ;
R e is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, —SR, —C(O)R, —OC(O)R, —C(O)OR, and R f ;
R f is a C 6-20 aryl group or a 5-20-membered heteroaryl group, each optionally substituted with 1-8 groups independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, —CN, R, —OR, and —SR;
L is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, and a covalent bond; and
R is selected from the group consisting of a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C 1-40 haloalkyl group, a C 2-40 alkenyl group, and a C 2-40 alkynyl group.