Processing hydrocarbon-containing materials
Methods are provided for enhancing oxidative molecular weight reduction in a hydrocarbon-containing material. For example, some methods include (a) providing a first hydrocarbon-containing material comprising a first hydrocarbon, said first hydrocarbon-containing material having been exposed to irradiation from a beam of particles, the beam of particles imparting one or more functional groups to said first hydrocarbon containing material; and (b) oxidizing the first hydrocarbon-containing material with one or more oxidants in the presence of one or more compounds comprising one or more naturally-occurring, non-radioactive group 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11 elements, the one or more elements participating in a Fenton-type reaction while oxidizing, to produce a second hydrocarbon-containing material comprising a second hydrocarbon, the second hydrocarbon having a molecular weight lower than that of the first hydrocarbon, the functional groups enhancing the effectiveness of the oxidizing reaction.
1. A method of enhancing oxidative molecular weight reduction in a hydrocarbon-containing material, the method comprising:
providing a first hydrocarbon-containing material comprising a first hydrocarbon, said first hydrocarbon-containing material having been exposed to particle beam irradiation, the particle beam imparting one or more functional groups to said first hydrocarbon containing material; and
oxidizing the first hydrocarbon-containing material with one or more oxidants in the presence of one or more compounds comprising one or more naturally-occurring, non-radioactive group 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 or 11 elements, the one or more elements participating in a Fenton-type reaction while oxidizing, to produce a second hydrocarbon-containing material comprising a second hydrocarbon, the second hydrocarbon having a molecular weight lower than that of the first hydrocarbon, the functional groups enhancing the effectiveness of the oxidizing reaction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon-containing material comprises one or more of: tar or oil sand, oil shale, crude oil, bitumen, coal, a petroleum gas, a liquefied natural gas, a synthetic gas, and asphalt.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the crude oil comprises heavy crude oil and/or light crude oil.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the petroleum gas comprises methane, ethane, propane, butane, and/or isobutane.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon-containing material comprises a natural material that includes one or more hydrocarbons.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements are in a 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ or 5+ oxidation state.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements comprise Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more compounds comprises a sulfate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more compounds comprises iron(II) sulfate or iron(III) sulfate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more elements comprises Fe in the 2+, 3+ or 4+ oxidation state.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more oxidants comprise an oxidant capable of increasing an oxidation state of at least some of said elements.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more oxidants comprises ozone and/or hydrogen peroxide.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein pH is maintained at or below about 5.5 during the Fenton-type reaction.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of the one or more elements to the one or more oxidants is from about 1:1000 to about 1:25.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing reaction is carried out at least in part in the presence of one or more hydroquinones and/or one or more benzoquinones.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle beam irradiation comprises irradiation with an ion beam and/or an electron beam.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first hydrocarbon-containing material has received a dose of radiation of more than 10 Mrad.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising extracting the second hydrocarbon from the second hydrocarbon-containing material.