Spinal implants

1. A spinal implant comprising:

a superior surface and an inferior surface opposite the superior surface, at least one of the superior surface and the inferior surface comprising a plurality of teeth;

a posterior portion having a leading edge;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion forms a central notch along a medial-lateral midline of the implant, the central notch resulting in two posterior points of the leading edge that are at a posterior-most point of the spinal implant and that are configured to rest against a spine and to provide a stable resting position for the spinal implant during impaction, the two posterior points of the leading edge comprising a first posterior point on a medial side of the spinal implant and a second posterior point on a lateral side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a medial notch on the medial side of the spinal implant, the medial notch being medial and anterior to the first posterior point of the leading edge on the medial side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a lateral notch on the lateral side of the spinal implant, the lateral notch being lateral and anterior to the second posterior point of the leading edge on the lateral side of the spinal implant; and

wherein the medial notch and the lateral notch are configured to reduce the likelihood of tissue compression against a nerve root once the spinal implant is implanted.

2. The spinal implant of claim 1 , further comprising a lateral arcuate side and a medial arcuate side; and wherein the lateral notch formed by the leading edge of the posterior portion is posterior to the lateral arcuate side and wherein the medial notch formed by the leading edge of the posterior portion is posterior to the medial arcuate side.

3. The spinal implant of claim 1 , wherein the central notch is V-shaped.

4. The spinal implant of claim 1 , wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion of the spinal implant has rounded corners.

5. The spinal implant of claim 1 , wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion of the spinal implant has chamfered corners.

6. The spinal implant of claim 1 , wherein:

the plurality of teeth comprise a set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant, the set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant each having a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact a vertebral endplate, wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth, and wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant are parallel with one another; and

the plurality of teeth comprise a set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant, the set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant each having a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact a vertebral endplate, wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth, and wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant are parallel with one another.

7. The spinal implant of claim 6 , wherein the longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant meet at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant.

8. The spinal implant of claim 6 , wherein the longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant meet at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant so as to form a V-shaped pattern.

9. The spinal implant of claim 6 , wherein the longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant meet at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant so as to form a U-shaped pattern.

10. The spinal implant of claim 6 , wherein the longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant meet at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the set of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant so as to form a W-shaped pattern.

11. The spinal implant of claim 1 , wherein:

the plurality of teeth comprise a first row of outer teeth positioned circumferentially along a peripheral edge of the spinal implant and a second row of inner teeth positioned inwardly from the first row of outer teeth;

the first row of outer teeth each comprise an outer side and an inner side that meets with the outer side to form an outer tooth edge at a peak of each respective outer tooth, the outer tooth edge of each respective outer tooth configured to contact a vertebral endplate;

the first row of outer teeth is positioned circumferentially along the peripheral edge of the spinal implant such that the vertebral endplate contacting outer tooth edge of each outer tooth of the first row of outer teeth is not parallel to vertebral endplate contacting outer tooth edges of adjacent teeth of the first row of outer teeth; and

the vertebral endplate contacting outer tooth edges of the first row of outer teeth are configured to contact the vertebral endplate to resist migration of the spinal implant in two directions.

12. The spinal implant of claim 11 , wherein the inner teeth of the second row project further from a sagittal midline than an outwardly adjacent outer tooth of the first row of outer teeth.

13. The spinal implant of claim 11 , wherein:

a trough separates each tooth of the first row of outer teeth from each tooth of the second row of inner teeth that is inwardly adjacent from each tooth of the first row of outer teeth;

a slope of the outer side of each outer tooth from the respective outer tooth edge toward a sagittal midline is less than a slope of the inner side of each respective outer tooth from the respective outer tooth edge toward the sagittal midline; and

each of the inner teeth of the second row of inner teeth comprises an outer side and an inner side that meets with the outer side to form an inner tooth edge at a peak of each respective inner tooth, the inner tooth edge of each respective inner tooth configured to contact the vertebral endplate while avoiding point contact with the vertebral endplate, wherein a slope of the outer side of each inner tooth from the respective inner tooth edge toward the sagittal midline is greater than a slope of the inner side of each respective inner tooth from the respective inner tooth edge toward the sagittal midline.

14. The spinal implant of claim 13 , wherein the first row of outer teeth slopes to an anterior edge of the spinal implant so that the outer side of each outer tooth faces outwardly from the spinal implant toward the anterior edge and forms a perimeter edge of the spinal implant that is configured to limit point contacts between the perimeter edge of the spinal implant and a vertebral endplate.

15. A spinal implant comprising:

a superior surface and an inferior surface opposite the superior surface, at least one of the superior surface and the inferior surface comprising a plurality of teeth on a medial side of the spinal implant and a plurality of teeth on a lateral side of the spinal implant;

a posterior portion having a leading edge;

an anterior wall; and

a tool insertion point in the anterior wall that is positioned along a medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant;

wherein the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant each have a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact a vertebral endplate;

wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth;

wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant are parallel with one another;

wherein the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant each have a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact the vertebral endplate;

wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth;

wherein the

longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant meet at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant,

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion forms a central notch along the medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant, the central notch resulting in two posterior points of the leading edge that are at a posterior-most point of the spinal implant and that are configured to rest against a spine and to provide a stable resting position for the spinal implant during impaction, the two posterior points of the leading edge comprising a first posterior point on the medial side of the spinal implant and a second posterior point on the lateral side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a medial notch on the medial side of the spinal implant, the medial notch being medial and anterior to the first posterior point of the leading edge on the medial side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a lateral notch on the lateral side of the spinal implant, the lateral notch being lateral and anterior to the second posterior point of the leading edge on the lateral side of the spinal implant; and

wherein the medial notch and the lateral notch are configured to reduce the likelihood of tissue compression against a nerve root once the spinal implant is implanted.

16. The spinal implant of claim 15 , wherein the tool insertion point comprises an anterior surface of the anterior wall having a recessed slot with a cylindrical opening extending from a recessed surface of the recessed slot to a posterior surface of the anterior wall.

17. The spinal implant of claim 15 , wherein a tooth height of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant from a sagittal midline of the spinal implant and a tooth height of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant from the sagittal midline of the spinal implant decreases from an anterior portion of the spinal implant toward the posterior portion of the spinal implant.

18. A spinal implant comprising:

a body for holding graft material therein;

a superior surface and an inferior surface opposite the superior surface, at least one of the superior surface and the inferior surface comprising a plurality of teeth on a medial side of the spinal implant and a plurality of teeth on a lateral side of the spinal implant;

an anterior wall;

a tool insertion point in the anterior wall that is positioned along a medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant, the tool insertion point comprising an anterior surface of the anterior wall having a recessed rectangular slot with a cylindrical opening extending from a recessed surface of the recessed slot to a posterior surface of the anterior wall;

wherein the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant each have a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact a vertebral endplate;

wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth;

wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant are parallel with one another and at a non-ninety degree angle with the medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant;

wherein the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant each have a tooth edge at a peak of each tooth that is configured to contact the vertebral endplate;

wherein the tooth edges of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant define a longitudinal axis of each tooth;

wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant are parallel with one another and at a non-ninety degree angle with the medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant;

wherein the superior surface comprises a superior surface curvature, wherein the inferior surface comprises an inferior surface curvature, and wherein the superior surface curvature and the inferior surface curvature are asymmetric in at least one of a medial-lateral plane of the spinal implant and an anterior-posterior plane of the spinal implant;

wherein the longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant intersect at the medial-lateral midline with corresponding longitudinal axes of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant so as to form V-shaped or U-shaped intersections,

wherein the spinal implant further comprises a posterior portion having a leading edge;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion forms a central notch along the medial-lateral midline of the spinal implant, the central notch resulting in two posterior points of the leading edge that are at a posterior-most point of the spinal implant and that are configured to rest against a spine and to provide a stable resting position for the spinal implant during impaction, the two posterior points of the leading edge comprising a first posterior point on the medial side of the spinal implant and a second posterior point on the lateral side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a medial notch on the medial side of the spinal implant, the medial notch being medial and anterior to the first posterior point of the leading edge on the medial side of the spinal implant;

wherein the leading edge of the posterior portion further forms a lateral notch on the lateral side of the spinal implant, the lateral notch being lateral and anterior to the second posterior point of the leading edge on the lateral side of the spinal implant; and

wherein the medial notch and the lateral notch are configured to reduce the likelihood of tissue compression against a nerve root once the spinal implant is implanted.

19. The spinal implant of claim 18 , wherein a tooth height of the plurality of teeth on the medial side of the spinal implant from a sagittal midline of the spinal implant and a tooth height of the plurality of teeth on the lateral side of the spinal implant from the sagittal midline of the spinal implant decrease from an anterior portion of the spinal implant toward the posterior portion of the spinal implant.