Oxides for high energy cathode materials
A disorder rock salt composition for use as a cathode active material. The stoichiometry of the lithium, niobium, oxygen, and transition metal components of the disordered rock salt is varied to improved performance in an electrochemical cell while substantially maintaining the disordered rock salt crystallographic structure.
1. A battery, comprising:
an electrode, comprising:
an active material characterized by an Fm-3m disordered rock salt crystallographic structure and represented by the chemical formula (i):
Li x Nb y−a N a M z−b P b O 2−c F c
where 1.30<x≤1.75; 0≤y<0.55; 0.1<z<1; 0≤a<0.5; 0≤b<1; 0≤c<0.8; wherein at least one of y, a, and b is non-zero; M, N, and P are each independently one or more of Ti, Ta, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Zr, Y, Mo, Ru, Rh, and Sb;
and wherein the battery is characterized by a discharge capacity in the range of 266 mAh/g to 355 mAh/g when cycled between 4.8 V and 1.5 Vat a C-rate of C/40.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein x≥1.35.
3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein x≥1.45.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein x≥1.55.
5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein x≥1.65.
6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein x=1.75.
7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein a=0, b=0, and 1≤z/y≤18.
8. The battery of claim 7 , wherein z/y=2.
9. The battery of claim 7 , wherein z/y=4.
10. The battery of claim 7 , wherein z/y=14.
11. The battery of claim 7 , wherein z/y=16.6.
12. The battery of claim 1 , wherein only one of a or b is equal to zero.
13. The battery of claim 12 , wherein y=0.5, a=0, z=0.8, 0<b<0.8, M is manganese, and P is selected from Fe, Cr, Al, and Sb.
14. The battery of claim 12 , wherein y=0.2, 0<a<0.2, z=0.57, b=0, and N is selected from V, Mo, Sb, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Y.
15. The battery of claim 1 , wherein y−a=0.
16. The battery of claim 1 , wherein 0<c<0.8.