Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) beam pointing and data rate optimization for high throughput broadband access
Systems and methods configured to form and manage different types of beams toward target ground terminals to “optimally” communicate with the terminals. In one set of embodiments, the UAV generates a set of beams to cover cells on the ground, the beams are divided into groups, and the UAV communications system deterministically and sequentially turns a subset of the beams on/off to reduce cross-beam interference and increase system throughput. In another embodiment, in order to increase throughput, the UAV communications system determines the highest data rate on the downlink and uplink that are decodable at the receiver given the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) while maintaining a low packet error rate. Systems and methods are described to determine the UAV antenna pattern toward different terminals needed for SINR calculation and data rate determination.
1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus, comprising:
an antenna sub-system comprising at least one antenna aperture configured to form a plurality of beams toward a ground coverage area, where the plurality of beams are further subdivided into a plurality of groups of co-active beams;
a set of radio transmitters and receivers configured to transmit and receive signals via a corresponding group to a set of ground terminals located within the ground coverage area;
wherein at each time slot of a plurality of time slots, only a subset of the plurality of groups of co-active beams can receive and transmit signals;
a processor sub-system; and
logic configured to:
generate a beam that covers a target coverage cell corresponding to a ground terminal during at least one time slot;
allocate power to the beam based on a level of traffic in the ground coverage area;
assign the ground terminal to the at least one time slot;
responsive to receiving a message from the ground terminal that requests a hand-off from the beam to a candidate hand-off beam, associate the ground terminal to the candidate hand-off beam;
assign the ground terminal a new time slot; and
route packets associated with the ground terminal to the candidate hand-off beam at the new time slot.
2. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of beams are subdivided into the plurality of groups of co-active beams such that each beam of the subset of the plurality of groups of co-active beams uses a different frequency channel from one or more neighboring beams.
3. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each beam of the subset of the plurality of groups of co-active beams uses a same frequency channel.
4. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the set of radio transmitters are further configured to transmit signals via the beam and at least one neighboring beam; and
the set of radio receivers are further configured to receive signal quality measurements for the beam and the at least one neighboring beam.
5. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , whereby the at least one antenna aperture is configured to form another beam over one or more neighboring cells of at least one different group at a subsequent time slot.
6. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the logic is further configured to assign a same corresponding time slot to the set of ground terminals for each corresponding group.
7. The UAV apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the logic is further configured to assign a different time slot to each ground terminal of the set of ground terminals for each corresponding group.
8. A method of forming a plurality of beams toward a ground coverage area, where the plurality of beams are subdivided into a plurality of groups of beams, the method comprising:
assigning a set of ground terminals within the ground coverage area to a corresponding group of the plurality of groups of beams;
assigning at least one ground terminal of the set of ground terminals to at least one time slot of a plurality of time slots;
where for the at least one time slot only a subset of the plurality of groups of beams are co-active;
for each time slot of the plurality of time slots, generating at least one beam in accordance with the assigned at least one time slot for the assigned corresponding group; and
responsive to receiving a message from a first ground terminal that requests a hand-off from a first beam to a candidate hand-off beam of a different group:
associating the first ground terminal to the different group;
assigning the first ground terminal a new time slot corresponding to the different group; and
associating the first ground terminal to a candidate hand-off beam.
9. The method of claim 8 , subdividing the plurality of beams into the plurality of groups such that each beam of each group uses a different frequency channel from one or more neighboring beams.
10. The method of claim 8 , subdividing the plurality of beams into the plurality of groups such that each beam of each group uses a same frequency channel; and
where each beam of each group has no co-active neighboring beams.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method further comprises assigning a same corresponding time slot to the set of ground terminals for each corresponding group.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method further comprises assigning a different time slot to each ground terminal of the set of ground terminals for each corresponding group.
13. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus, comprising:
an antenna sub-system comprising at least one antenna aperture configured to form a plurality of beams toward a ground coverage area;
a set of radio transmitters and receivers configured to transmit and receive signals via the plurality of beams;
a processor sub-system; and
logic configured to:
subdivide the plurality of beams into a plurality of groups of co-active beams; and
allocate power to the plurality of groups of co-active beams based at least in part on the level of traffic in the ground coverage area
wherein each group of the plurality of groups of co-active beams is assigned to at least one time slot of a plurality of time slots; and
wherein the subdivision of the plurality of beams is selected based at least in part on a level of traffic in the ground coverage area.
14. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising logic configured to adjust the plurality of groups of co-active beams responsive to a change in the level of traffic in the ground coverage area.
15. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising logic configured to cause the UAV apparatus to assign one or more ground terminals to at least one group of co-active beams and the at least one time slot.
16. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , further logic configured to cause the UAV apparatus to generate at least one new beam during the at least one time slot for at least one ground terminal.
17. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the logic is further configured to, responsive to receiving a message from a ground terminal that requests a hand-off from a first beam to a candidate hand-off beam, associate the ground terminal to the candidate hand-off beam.
18. The UAV apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the logic is further configured to:
assign the ground terminal a new time slot; and
route packets associated with the ground terminal to the candidate hand-off beam at the new time slot.
19. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of beams are subdivided into the plurality of groups of co-active beams such that each beam of the subset of the plurality of groups of co-active beams uses a different frequency channel from one or more neighboring beams.
20. The UAV apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each beam of the subset of the plurality of groups of co-active beams uses a same frequency channel.