Surface enhanced pulp fibers, methods of making surface enhanced pulp fibers, products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods of making products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers
Various embodiments of the present invention relate to surface enhanced pulp fibers, various products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods and systems for producing surface enhanced pulp fibers. Various embodiments of surface enhanced pulp fibers have significantly increased surface areas compared to conventional refined fibers while advantageously minimizing reductions in length following refinement. The surface enhanced pulp fibers can be incorporated into a number of products that might benefit from such properties including, for example, paper products, paperboard products, fiber cement boards, fiber reinforced plastics, fluff pulps, hydrogels, cellulose acetate products, and carboxymethyl cellulose products. In some embodiments, a plurality of surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least about 0.3 millimeters and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least about 10 square meters per gram, wherein the number of surface enhanced pulp fibers is at least 12,000 fibers/milligram on an oven-dry basis.
1. A paper product comprising:
a plurality of surface enhanced pulp fibers formed from a hardwood and having a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.3 millimeters and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram; and
a plurality of softwood fibers;
wherein at least 2 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
2. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein between 2 and 15 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
3. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein less than 10 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
4. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein less than 50 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the softwood fibers.
5. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein between 20 and 40 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the softwood fibers.
6. The paper product of claim 5 , wherein between 50 and 70 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
7. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.35 millimeters and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 12 square meters per gram.
8. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.4 millimeters and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram.
9. The paper product of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of hardwood fibers having an average hydrodynamic specific surface area that is less than the average hydrodynamic specific surface area of the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
10. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein between 2 and 15 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
11. The paper product of claim 10 , wherein between 20 and 40 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the softwood fibers.
12. The paper product of claim 10 , wherein between 50 and 70 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the hardwood fibers.
13. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.4 millimeters.
14. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 12 square meters per gram.
15. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted fines value of less than 40% when fibers having a length of 0.2 millimeters or less are classified as fines.
16. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted fines value of less than 22% when fibers having a length of 0.2 millimeters or less are classified as fines.
17. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein less than 10 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
18. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein less than 50 percent of the paper product, by weight, is the softwood fibers.
19. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.35 millimeters and an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 12 square meters per gram.
20. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.4 millimeters.
21. The paper product of claim 9 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 12 square meters per gram.
22. The paper product of claim 17 , wherein the surface enhanced pulp fibers have a length weighted fines value of less than 40% when fibers having a length of 0.2 millimeters or less are classified as fines.
23. The paper product of claim 1 , wherein the softwood fibers have an average hydrodynamic specific surface area that is less than the average hydrodynamic specific surface area of the surface enhanced pulp fibers.
24. A plurality of hardwood pulp fibers having:
a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.3 millimeters; and
an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram.
25. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 24 , wherein the number of hardwood pulp fibers is at least 12,000 fibers per milligram on an oven-dry basis.
26. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 24 wherein the hardwood pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.4 millimeters.
27. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 24 , wherein the hardwood pulp fibers have an average hydrodynamic specific surface area of at least 12 square meters per gram.
28. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 27 , wherein the hardwood pulp fibers have a length weighted average fiber length of at least 0.35 millimeters.
29. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 24 , wherein the hardwood pulp fibers have a length weighted fines value of less than 40% when fibers having a length of 0.2 mm or less are classified as fines.
30. The hardwood pulp fibers of claim 24 , wherein the hardwood pulp fibers have a length weighted fines value of less than 22% when fibers having a length of 0.2 mm or less are classified as fines.