Multi-axis charged particle cancer therapy method and apparatus
The invention comprises a multi-axis charged particle irradiation method and apparatus. The multi-axis controls includes separate or independent control of one or more of horizontal position, vertical position, energy control, and intensity control of the charged particle irradiation beam. Optionally, the charged particle beam is additionally controlled in terms of timing. Timing is coordinated with patient respiration and/or patient rotational positioning. Combined, the system allows multi-axis and multi-field charged particle irradiation of tumors yielding precise and accurate irradiation dosages to a tumor with distribution of harmful proximal distal energy about the tumor.
1. An apparatus using positively charged particles for irradiation of a tumor of a patient, comprising:
a beam path;
an extraction foil in said beam path;
a synchrotron comprising multi-axis control, said multi-axis control comprising control of:
an energy, the energy controlled during use through timing of transmission of the positively charged particles through said extraction foil; and
an intensity, the intensity controlled during use using a current originating from said extraction foil, wherein energy of the positively charged particles striking said extraction foil yields a secondary electron from said extraction foil to form the current; and
a pair of extraction blades, said beam path passing between said pair of extraction blades,
wherein said beam path sequentially passes through said synchrotron, said extraction foil, and said pair of extraction blades.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein said extraction foil consists essentially of atoms having six or fewer protons, and
wherein the positively charged particles comprise positively charged ions prior to striking said extraction foil.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising:
the current resulting from the positively charged particles transmitting through said extraction foil, said current used as a feedback control to a radio-frequency cavity system, wherein an applied radio frequency, using said feedback control, in said radio-frequency cavity system results in said control of said intensity.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said multi-axis control further comprises separate control of all of:
an x-axis position of the positively charged particles;
a y-axis position of the positively charged particles;
said energy; and
said intensity, wherein said multi-axis control comprises delivery of the positively charged particles at a set point in a breathing cycle of the patient at at least five rotation positions of a rotatable platform holding the patient.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said multi-axis control further comprises control of:
timing of delivery of the positively charged particles; and
control of a magnetic field in a bending magnet, said bending magnet comprising:
a tapered iron based core adjacent a gap, said core comprising a surface polish of less than ten microns roughness; and
a focusing geometry comprising:
a first cross-sectional distance of said iron based core forming an edge of said gap,
a second cross-sectional distance of said iron based core not in contact with said gap, wherein said second cross-sectional distance is at least fifty percent larger than said first cross-sectional distance.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said multi-axis control further comprises control of timing of patient respiration to all of:
acceleration of the positively charged particles, the positively charged particles comprising positive ions;
extraction of the positive ions; and
delivery position of the positive ions to the tumor.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said control of said energy further comprises use of feedback readings from a magnetic field sensor to a correction coil wrapped about a bending magnet in said synchrotron, said magnetic sensor proximate said a bending magnet in said synchrotron.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a feedback system, wherein said feedback system stabilizes a magnetic field in said bending magnet using input from said magnetic sensor to control a correction coil operating at less than ten percent of a power of a winding coil, both said correction coil and said winding coil wound around said bending magnet.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said control of said energy further comprises control of an accelerator system in said synchrotron, said accelerator system comprising:
a set of at least ten coils;
a set of at least ten wire loops;
a set of at least ten microcircuits, each of said microcircuits integrated to one of said loops, wherein each of said loops completes at least one turn about at least one of said coils; and
a radio-frequency synthesizer sending a low voltage signal to each of said microcircuits, each of said microcircuits amplifying said low voltage signal yielding an acceleration voltage.