High efficiency, high power density drive system utilizing complementary motor assemblies
A dual-motor electric vehicle (EV) drive system is provided that employs two different types of electric motors; at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor and at least one induction asynchronous motor. Under most low demand driving applications the EV relies on the permanent magnet motor(s), thus benefiting from the operating efficiency of this type of motor. Under high demand driving applications, for example during strong acceleration and high speed cruising, the EV is able to benefit from the output power capabilities of the induction motor(s).
1. A drive assembly for an electric vehicle (EV), comprising:
at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor mechanically coupled to at least one wheel of a first vehicle axle, said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor configured to provide propulsive power to said at least one wheel of said first axle of said EV, wherein a set of permanent magnet motor characteristics corresponding to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor is stored in a memory;
a first motor controller coupled to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor;
at least one induction asynchronous motor mechanically coupled to at least one wheel of a second vehicle axle, said at least one induction asynchronous motor configured to provide propulsive power to said at least one wheel of said second axle of said EV, wherein a set of induction motor characteristics corresponding to said at least one induction asynchronous motor is stored in said memory;
a second motor controller coupled to said at least one induction asynchronous motor; and
a vehicle controller electrically connected to said first motor controller and to said second motor controller, wherein said memory is accessible by said vehicle controller, wherein said vehicle controller is configured to receive a current torque request, wherein said vehicle controller is configured to determine and apply an optimal split between propulsive power supplied by said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor to said at least one wheel of said first axle of said EV and propulsive power supplied by said at least one induction asynchronous motor to said at least one wheel of said second axle of said EV, wherein said optimal split is based on said current torque request, said set of permanent magnet motor characteristics and said set of induction motor characteristics, and wherein said vehicle controller is configured to continually update said optimal split based on said current torque request, said set of permanent magnet motor characteristics and said set of induction motor characteristics.
2. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising at least one wheel speed sensor, wherein said vehicle controller is configured to receive a current wheel speed from said at least one wheel speed sensor, and wherein said vehicle controller is configured to continually update said optimal split based on said current torque request, said current wheel speed, said set of permanent magnet motor characteristics and said set of induction motor characteristics.
3. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a motor speed sensor coupled to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor, wherein said vehicle controller is configured to receive a current motor speed corresponding to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor from said motor speed sensor, and wherein said vehicle controller is configured to continually update said optimal split based on said current torque request, said current motor speed, said set of permanent magnet motor characteristics and said set of induction motor characteristics.
4. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a motor speed sensor coupled to said at least one induction asynchronous motor, wherein said vehicle controller is configured to receive a current motor speed corresponding to said at least one induction asynchronous motor from said motor speed sensor, and wherein said vehicle controller is configured to continually update said optimal split based on said current torque request, said current motor speed, said set of permanent magnet motor characteristics and said set of induction motor characteristics.
5. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a battery pack configured to supply electrical energy to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor and to said at least one induction asynchronous motor; and
an inverter, said inverter electrically interposed between said battery pack and said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor and said inverter electrically interposed between said battery pack and said at least one induction asynchronous motor, wherein said inverter supplies said electrical energy from said battery pack to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor and supplies said electrical energy from said battery pack to said at least one induction asynchronous motor.
6. The drive assembly of claim 5 , wherein said inverter is further comprised of a first inverter electrically interposed between said battery pack and said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor and a second inverter electrically interposed between said battery pack and said at least one induction asynchronous motor.
7. The drive assembly of claim 6 , wherein said battery pack is further comprised of a first battery pack electrically connected to said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor via said first inverter and a second battery pack electrically connected to said at least one induction asynchronous motor via said second inverter.
8. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first differential, wherein said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor is coupled to said at least one wheel of said first axle of said EV via said first differential; and
a second differential, wherein said at least one induction asynchronous motor is coupled to said at least one wheel of said second axle of said EV via said second differential.
9. The drive assembly of claim 8 , said first differential comprising a first locking differential, and said second differential comprising a second locking differential.
10. The drive assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerator, wherein said current torque request is input by a user via said accelerator.
11. The drive assembly of claim 1 , wherein said first axle of said EV corresponds to a front axle of said EV, and wherein said second axle of said EV corresponds to a rear axle of said EV.
12. The drive assembly of claim 1 , wherein said vehicle controller and said first motor controller and said second motor controller are combined into a master controller.
13. The drive assembly of claim 1 , said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising a single permanent magnet synchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said first vehicle axle, and said at least one induction asynchronous motor comprising a single induction asynchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said second vehicle axle.
14. The drive assembly of claim 1 , said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising a single permanent magnet synchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said first vehicle axle, and said at least one induction asynchronous motor comprising a first induction asynchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said second vehicle axle and a second induction asynchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said second vehicle axle.
15. The drive assembly of claim 1 , said at least one permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising a first permanent magnet synchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said first vehicle axle and a second permanent magnet synchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said first vehicle axle, and said at least one induction asynchronous motor comprising a single induction asynchronous motor mechanically coupled to said at least one wheel of said second vehicle axle.