Thermosyphon coolers for cooling systems with cooling towers
In one embodiment, a cooling system includes a thermosyphon cooler that cools a cooling fluid through dry cooling and a cooling tower that cools a cooling fluid through evaporative cooling. The thermosyphon cooler uses natural convection to circulate a refrigerant between a shell and tube evaporator and an air cooled condenser. The thermosyphon cooler is located in the cooling system upstream of, and in series with, the cooling tower, and is operated when the thermosyphon cooler is more economically and/or resource efficient to operate than the cooling tower. According to certain embodiments, factors, such as the ambient temperature, the cost of electricity, and the cost of water, among others, are used to determine whether to operate the thermosyphon cooler, the cooling tower, or both.
1. A cooling system, comprising:
a cooling fluid loop configured to circulate a cooling fluid therethrough;
a thermosyphon cooler disposed along the cooling fluid loop and configured to transfer heat from the cooling fluid to ambient atmosphere through dry cooling, wherein the thermosyphon cooler comprises a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant is configured to absorb heat from the cooling fluid and to transfer heat to the ambient atmosphere, and wherein the cooling fluid and the refrigerant are not in fluid communication with one another;
a cooling tower disposed downstream of the thermosyphon cooler along the cooling fluid loop and configured to transfer heat from the cooling fluid to the ambient atmosphere through evaporative cooling; and
a controller configured to:
receive feedback indicative of a temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler from a temperature sensor;
compare the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler to a cooling temperature set point;
reduce a fan speed of one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler is less than the cooling temperature set point;
determine an economic efficiency of operation of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler based on a water cost, or an electricity cost, or both when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler equals or exceeds the cooling temperature set point;
increase the fan speed of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler when the economic efficiency of operation of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler exceeds a threshold and when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler equals or exceeds the cooling temperature set point; and
reduce the fan speed of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler and initiate operation of the cooling tower when the economic efficiency of operation of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler is less than the threshold and when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler equals or exceeds the cooling temperature set point.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to maintain the fan speed of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler is generally equal to the cooling temperature set point and when the economic efficiency of operation of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler equals or exceeds the threshold.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to turn off the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler when the fan speed of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler is at a base speed, and when the temperature of the cooling fluid exiting the thermosyphon cooler is less than the cooling temperature set point.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to turn off the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler when the economic efficiency of operation of the one or more fans of the thermosyphon cooler is less than the threshold.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to receive inputs indicative of the water cost, or the electricity cost, or both from an operator.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to receive inputs indicative of the water cost, or the electricity cost, or both from a computer network.