Ceramic glaze having antimicrobial property
An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.
1. A method for manufacturing a glazed ceramic substrate having an antimicrobial property, comprising:
applying an antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition to a substrate, the glazing composition including an antimicrobial composition comprising:
a first antimicrobial agent consisting of Ag 2 CO 3 ; and
a second antimicrobial agent that is one of Bi 2 O 3 , CuO, or ZnO;
wherein the first antimicrobial agent is present in the glaze composition at a concentration of about 0.5 to about four percent, by weight of glaze composition; and
wherein the second antimicrobial agent is present in the glaze composition at a concentration of from about one percent to about four percent, by weight of glaze composition;
firing the glazing composition to transform the glazing composition into a fired glaze layer;
wherein the fired glazed layer possesses an antimicrobial property.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is Bi 2 O 3 .
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is ZnO.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is CuO.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first antimicrobial agent and the second antimicrobial agent are present in the glaze composition at substantially equal concentrations.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the first antimicrobial agent in the glaze composition is about two percent;
wherein the second antimicrobial agent is one of Bi 2 O 3 , CuO, or ZnO.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the first antimicrobial agent in the glaze composition is about four percent; and
wherein the second antimicrobial agent is present in the glaze composition at a concentration of about two percent.
8. A glazed ceramic substrate, comprising:
ceramic substrate having a first substrate surface; and
a fired ceramic glazing composition disposed on the first substrate surface;
wherein the fired antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition is a post-fired state of an antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition including:
a first antimicrobial agent comprised of Ag 2 CO 3 , and
a second antimicrobial agent comprised of Bi 2 O 3 , CuO or ZnO;
wherein the first antimicrobial agent has a concentration in the ceramic glaze composition of from about two percent to about four percent, by weight of glaze composition; and
wherein the second antimicrobial agent has a concentration of from about two percent to about four percent, by weight of glaze composition.
9. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is Bi 2 O 3 .
10. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is CuO.
11. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the second antimicrobial agent is ZnO.
12. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the first antimicrobial agent and the second antimicrobial agent are present in the glaze composition at substantially equal concentrations.
13. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the concentration of the first antimicrobial agent in the glaze composition is about two percent;
wherein the second antimicrobial agent is one of Bi 2 O 3 , CuO, or ZnO.
14. The glazed ceramic substrate of claim 8 wherein the concentration of the first antimicrobial agent in the glaze composition is about four percent; and
wherein the second antimicrobial agent is present in the glaze composition at a concentration of about two percent.
15. A glazed ceramic substrate, comprising:
ceramic substrate having a first substrate surface; and
a fired ceramic glazing composition disposed on the first substrate surface;
wherein the fired antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition is a post-fired state of an antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition including:
a first antimicrobial agent comprised of Ag 2 CO 3 , and
a second antimicrobial agent comprised of SnO 2 ;
wherein the first antimicrobial agent has a concentration in the ceramic glaze composition of from about two percent to about four percent, by weight of glaze composition; and
wherein the second antimicrobial agent has a concentration of about two percent by weight of glaze composition.