Article for removing contaminants from a fluid, and related methods
A swellable downhole article includes a swellable material and a carbon nitride material. The swellable material may include at least one of an elastomeric material and an absorbent material. The carbon nitride material may remove cations from a downhole fluid. Methods of forming the swellable downhole article are also disclosed, as are methods of forming a carbon nitride containing material for removing contaminants from a fluid.
1. An article, comprising:
a swellable material comprising at least one of a nitrile-based elastomer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyurea, a polyamine, or combinations thereof; and
at least one of:
carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings, the carbon nitride within the swellable material, the swellable material comprising between about 15 weight percent and about 35 weight percent carbon nitride;
a filter adjacent to the swellable material, the filter comprising between about 5 weight percent and about 100 weight percent carbon nitride, the carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings; and
a membrane adjacent to the swellable material, the membrane comprising between about 15 weight percent and about 35 weight percent carbon nitride, the carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises at least one absorbent material.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises a cellulose material.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises at least one of carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, glass fiber, silica, a clay, calcium carbonate, bentonite, polytetrafluoroethylene, and molybdenum disulfide.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises between about 15 weight percent and about 35 weight percent carbon nitride.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises between about 35 weight percent and about 50 weight percent carbon nitride.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride is functionalized with alkyl groups, vinyl groups, epoxide groups, silane groups, carboxyl groups, pyridine groups, phenolic groups, or combinations thereof.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride comprises a C 3 N 4 polymer material.
9. The article of claim 1 , further comprising an acrylic resin binder, an acrylic polymer, or a combination thereof mixed with the carbon nitride.
10. A method of forming a material, the method comprising:
forming a swellable material comprising at least one of a nitrile-based elastomer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyurea, a polyamine, or combinations thereof; and
at least one of:
mixing carbon nitride with the swellable material, the swellable material comprising between about 15 weight percent and about 35 weight percent carbon nitride, the carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings;
forming a filter comprising carbon nitride adjacent to the swellable material, the filter comprising between about 5 weight percent and about weight percent carbon nitride, the carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings; and
forming a membrane comprising carbon nitride adjacent to the swellable material, the membrane comprising between about 15 weight percent and about 35 weight percent carbon nitride, the carbon nitride comprising a plurality of triazine rings.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising reacting terminal amino groups of the carbon nitride with polyurethane, polyurea, a polyamine, or combinations thereof.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride is functionalized.
13. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride includes terminal amino groups and terminal hydroxyl groups.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises an ion exchange material comprising a polymer comprising protonated cations or a zeolite.
15. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises an ion exchange material.
16. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises functionalized graphene.
17. The article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material further comprises an ion exchange material comprising an organic polymer.