Energy transfer machines
A novel engine for producing power from a temperature differential with additional benefits of low cost, high efficiency, quiet operation minimal wear of components, and the ability to produce power or cooling from low grade heat sources.
1. An energy transfer machine comprising:
a pressure chamber comprising a cylinder, the cylinder having a first end and a second end, and a pressure responsive element placed for reciprocal motion within the cylinder, the pressure responsive element separating the first end of the cylinder from the second end of the cylinder;
an input-output device coupled to the pressure responsive element for converting the reciprocal motion of the pressure responsive element into electrical energy or electrical energy into reciprocal motion of the pressure responsive element;
a high pressure zone communicating with the cylinder through a first high pressure valve on the first end of the cylinder and a second high pressure valve on the second end of the cylinder;
a low pressure zone communicating with the cylinder through a first low pressure valve on the first end of the cylinder and a second low pressure valve on the second end of the cylinder; and
the first high pressure valve, the second high pressure valve, the first low pressure valve and the second low pressure valve being operable to convert pressure in the high pressure zone into electrical energy produced by motion of the pressure responsive element or to convert electrical energy into motion of the pressure responsive element that pressurizes the high pressure zone.
2. The energy transfer machine of claim 1
in which the low pressure zone is an open circuit.
3. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 in which the low pressure zone and high pressure zone are part of a closed path.
4. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 in which the movable element comprises a diaphragm.
5. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 in which the pressure responsive element comprises a free piston.
6. The energy transfer machine of claim 5 in which the free piston has ends with equal surface area.
7. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first accumulator on the high pressure zone to accommodate pressure variation in the high pressure zone; and
a second accumulator on the low pressure zone to accommodate pressure variation in the low pressure zone.
8. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 , further comprising a control system configured to send control signals to the first high pressure valve, the second high pressure valve, the first low pressure valve, and the second low pressure valve,
the first high pressure valve, the second high pressure valve, the first low pressure valve, and the second low pressure valve opening and closing in response to control signals from the control system.
9. The energy transfer machine of claim 1 , further comprising a first rebound spring and a second rebound spring, the first rebound spring lying within the cylinder between the first end of the cylinder and the pressure responsive element and the second rebound spring lying with the cylinder between the second end of the cylinder and the pressure responsive element.
10. The energy transfer machine of claim 9 in which the first rebound spring comprises the first low pressure valve, the first high pressure valve being offset from the first end of the cylinder, and the second rebound spring comprises the second low pressure valve, the second high pressure valve being offset from the second end of the cylinder so that gas pressure at the respective first end and second end of the cylinder helps the pressure responsive element reverse direction.