High-weight glyceride oligomers and methods of making the same
Oligomers of certain glyceride compounds are generally disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the glyceride compounds include natural oil glycerides, such as glycerides derived from natural oils, such as palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil, and the like. Compositions containing such glyceride oligomers are also disclosed herein. Processes for making such glyceride oligomers are also disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the processes for making such compounds include reacting a plurality of unsaturated glyceride compounds in the presence of a metathesis catalyst.
1. A glyceride copolymer, which comprises constitutional units formed from reacting two or more monomers in the presence of a first metathesis catalyst, the two or more monomers comprise a first monomer and a second monomer;
wherein the first monomer is a first unsaturated natural oil glyceride, and the second monomer is an unsaturated alkenylized natural oil glyceride; and
wherein the number ratio of constitutional units formed from the first monomer to constitutional units formed from the second monomer is no more than 10:1.
2. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated alkenylized natural oil glyceride is formed from the reaction of a second unsaturated natural oil glyceride with a short-chain alkene in the presence of a second metathesis catalyst.
3. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated alkenylized natural oil glyceride has a lower molecular weight than the second unsaturated natural oil glyceride.
4. The glyceride copolymer of claim 2 , wherein the short-chain alkene is ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, or 3-hexene.
5. The glyceride copolymer of claim 4 , wherein the short-chain alkene is ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, or isobutene.
6. The glyceride copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the short-chain alkene is ethylene.
7. The glyceride copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the short-chain alkene is propylene.
8. The glyceride copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the short-chain alkene is 1-butene.
9. The glyceride copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the short-chain alkene is 2-butene.
10. The glyceride copolymer of claim 2 , wherein the second unsaturated natural oil glyceride is obtained from a natural oil.
11. The glyceride copolymer of claim 10 , wherein the second unsaturated natural oil glyceride is obtained from a vegetable oil.
12. The glyceride copolymer of claim 11 , wherein the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil), coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard seed oil, pennycress oil, camelina oil, hempseed oil, or castor oil.
13. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the first unsaturated natural oil glyceride is obtained from a natural oil.
14. The glyceride copolymer of claim 13 , wherein the first unsaturated natural oil glyceride is obtained from a vegetable oil.
15. The glyceride copolymer of claim 14 , wherein the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil), coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard seed oil, pennycress oil, camelina oil, hempseed oil, or castor oil.
16. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the glyceride copolymer has a molecular weight ranging from 4,000 g/mol to 150,000 g/mol.
17. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the number ratio of constitutional units formed from the first monomer to constitutional units formed from the second monomer is no more than 5:1.
18. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the two or more monomers are reacted in the presence of the metathesis catalyst as part of a reaction mixture, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer in the reaction mixture is no more than 5:1.
19. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the first metathesis catalyst is an organoruthenium compound, an organoosmium compound, an organotungsten compound, or an organomolybdenum compound.
20. The glyceride copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the second metathesis catalyst is an organoruthenium compound, an organoosmium compound, an organotungsten compound, or an organomolybdenum compound.