Medical device for constricting a body passage and a method thereof
A plurality of bodies that attract one another are provided for implanting in a patient, specifically around a body passage of the patient. For example, the body passage may be the urethra, and the plurality of bodies may be implanted around the outside of the urethra, and the bodies being substantially coaxial with the urethra. The attraction between adjacent bodies may be provided by a magnetic or a mechanical force.
1. A medical device, comprising:
a plurality of rectangular plates configured to surround a body passage so that each rectangular plate contacts the body passage for constricting at least a portion of the body passage, wherein the plurality of rectangular plates are elastically connected to one another by a spring, and, together with the spring, form an annular prosthesis to enclose a space therebetween;
a pressure sensor to sense a pressure on a bladder;
a computer electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the plurality of rectangular plates, wherein the computer controls an electrical current that affects a magnetic force that affects a size of the space in response to signals from the pressure sensor;
wherein each of the plurality of rectangular plates comprises a curve configured to accommodate a curved surface of the body passage;
wherein each rectangular plate has a chord, measured as a straight line distance between opposing ends of the curve, of 0.2 to 1.5 mm; and
wherein each rectangular plate has a curve depth, measured as a shortest distance between the chord and a highest point of the curve, of more than 0.1 mm and up to 0.3 mm.
2. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of rectangular plates comprises two rectangular plates positioned at opposing portions of a curved surface of the body passage.
3. The medical device of claim 2 , wherein the computer controls a magnetic polarity of one of the two rectangular plates.
4. The medical device of claim 3 , wherein:
each rectangular plate has an embedded magnetic core coated with a biocompatible material,
the embedded magnetic core of one of the two rectangular plates is made of a magnetically soft material that does not have polarities and is magnetizable in the presence of an external magnetic field and is demagnetizable in the absence of the external magnetic field, and
the embedded magnetic core of the other of the two rectangular plates is made of a magnetically hard material that retains magnetism after being magnetized.
5. The medical device of claim 4 , wherein the magnetically soft material is an alloy of iron and nickel.
6. The medical device of claim 4 , wherein a volume of the magnetic core embedded within each of the two rectangular plate is 40 to 50% of a total volume of the rectangular plate.
7. A method for treating urinary incontinence in a patient, comprising:
implanting the plurality of rectangular plates of the medical device of claim 1 around a portion of a urethra;
implanting the pressure sensor to detect a pressure of the bladder with the pressure sensor;
communicating a detected pressure to the computer, which alerts the patient when the detected pressure rises above a predetermined threshold value;
increasing the size of the space to allow urine to discharge through the urethra when the detected pressure exceeds the predetermined threshold value; and
decreasing the size of the space to prevent urine discharge from the urethra when the detected pressure is less than the predetermined threshold value.
8. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein each rectangular plate has a girth, measured as a length around the curve, of more than 0.2 mm and up to 1.7 mm.
9. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the spring is continuous and elastically connects all of the rectangular plates.
10. The medical device of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of rectangular plates are equally spaced along a circumference of the spring.
11. The medical device of claim 9 , wherein each rectangular plate has two holes located on opposite sides of the plate near a mid-point of the length of the rectangular plate, and wherein the spring is threaded through the two holes of each plate.
12. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein each rectangular plate has an embedded magnetic core coated with a biocompatible material.
13. The medical device of claim 12 , wherein the embedded magnetic core of each rectangular plate is made of a magnetically soft material that does not have polarities and is magnetizable in the presence of an external magnetic field and is demagnetizable in the absence of the external magnetic field.
14. The medical device of claim 13 , wherein the magnetically soft material is an alloy of iron and nickel.
15. The medical device of claim 12 , wherein a volume of the magnetic core embedded within each rectangular plate is 40 to 50% of a total volume of the rectangular plate.