Braking systems for rotorcraft
In some embodiments, a rotorcraft includes a fuselage having a rotor hub assembly protruding therefrom that is rotatable relative thereto. A generator having an armature is mechanically coupled to the rotor hub assembly such that the armature is rotatable in response to rotation of the rotor hub assembly. A braking unit is in selective electrical communication with the generator. The braking unit is adapted to apply an electrical resistance to rotation of the armature, thereby reducing a rotational speed of the rotor hub assembly.
1. A braking system for a rotorcraft having a rotor hub assembly driven by an engine, the system comprising:
a hydraulic rotary pump having an input shaft mechanically coupled to the rotor hub assembly such that the input shaft is rotatable in response to rotation of the rotor hub assembly, the hydraulic rotary pump selectably drivable by the engine; and
a braking unit in fluid communication with the hydraulic rotary pump, the braking unit adapted to selectively provide a hydraulic resistance to rotation of the input shaft, thereby reducing a rotational speed of the rotor hub assembly.
2. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the braking unit further comprises an orifice operable to adjust the hydraulic resistance applied to the input shaft of the hydraulic rotary pump, the orifice adjustably contractable into an infinite number of positions.
3. The braking system as recited in claim 2 further comprising a fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the orifice.
4. The braking system as recited in claim 2 wherein the orifice further comprises a solenoid valve.
5. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the braking unit further comprises a hydraulic-powered component.
6. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the braking unit further comprises a hydraulic accumulator adapted to store a pressurized fluid usable to power a hydraulic-powered component of the rotorcraft.
7. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the hydraulic rotary pump is selected from the group consisting of a gear pump, a rotary vane pump, a screw pump, a bent axis pump, a radial piston pump, a peristaltic pump, a rotary positive displacement pump and a flow pump.
8. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the rotorcraft is operable in a storage mode, the braking unit engaged in the storage mode to prevent rotation of the rotor hub assembly.
9. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the rotorcraft is operable in a grounded mode, the engine disengaged from the rotor hub assembly in the grounded mode.
10. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the hydraulic rotary pump is in constant engagement with the rotor hub assembly via one or more gears during all operations of the rotorcraft.
11. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the braking unit further comprises a hydraulic accumulator adapted to store a pressurized fluid usable to power a hydraulic starter of the rotorcraft.
12. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the braking unit further comprises a hydraulic blower.
13. The braking system as recited in claim 1 further comprising a disc-and-caliper braking subsystem.
14. The braking system as recited in claim 13 wherein, in response to a braking input, the braking unit slows the rotor hub assembly to a predetermined level prior to the disc-and-caliper braking subsystem slowing the rotor hub assembly from the predetermined level to zero revolutions per minute.
15. The braking system as recited in claim 1 wherein the engine further comprises a motor.
16. A rotorcraft, comprising:
a fuselage;
an engine disposed in the fuselage;
a rotor hub assembly protruding from the fuselage, the rotor hub assembly driven by the engine to rotate relative to the fuselage;
a hydraulic rotary pump having an input shaft mechanically coupled to the rotor hub assembly such that the input shaft is rotatable in response to rotation of the rotor hub assembly, the hydraulic rotary pump selectably drivable by the engine; and
a braking unit in fluid communication with the hydraulic rotary pump, the braking unit adapted to selectively provide a hydraulic resistance to rotation of the input shaft, thereby reducing a rotational speed of the rotor hub assembly.
17. The rotorcraft as recited in claim 16 further comprising a gearbox containing a plurality of gears, the hydraulic rotary pump mechanically coupled to the rotor hub assembly via at least one of the plurality of gears.
18. The rotorcraft as recited in claim 16 wherein the engine is operable to selectively provide rotational input to the rotor hub assembly; and
wherein the rotor hub assembly is operable to freely rotate in response to mechanical disengagement between the engine and the rotor hub assembly.
19. The rotorcraft as recited in claim 16 wherein the braking unit applies the hydraulic resistance in response to a braking signal input from a pilot of the rotorcraft.