Expression of ETS related gene (ERG) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) correlates with prostate cancer capsular penetration
The disclosure provides methods for characterizing a prostate cancer sample by detecting expression of ERG, PTEN or both, changes in which relative to a normal control are shown herein to be correlated with prostate cancer capsular penetration and more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Such methods are useful for the prognosis of prostate cancer capsular penetration and for making treatment decisions in patients with prostate cancer that has penetrated the capsule. Also provided are kits that can be used with such methods.
1. A kit for predicting the likelihood of prostate cancer progression, comprising:
means for detecting in a biological sample an Ets related gene (ERG) genomic sequence, ERG transcript or ERG protein;
means for detecting in a biological sample a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genomic sequence, PTEN transcript or PTEN protein; and
at least one positive control sample, wherein the positive control sample comprises a prostate cancer sample from a subject known to have capsular penetration.
2. The kit of claim 1 , further comprising a negative control sample.
3. The kit of claim 2 , wherein the negative control sample comprises a prostate cancer sample from a subject known not to have capsular penetration.
4. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises:
a means for detecting in a biological sample an ERG transcript or protein; and
a means for detecting in a biological sample a PTEN transcript or protein.
5. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises:
a nucleic acid probe specific for ERG transcript and a nucleic acid probe specific for PTEN transcript;
a pair of primers for specific amplification of an ERG transcript and a pair of primers for specific amplification of a PTEN transcript; or
an antibody specific for ERG protein and an antibody specific for a PTEN protein.
6. The kit of claim 5 , wherein the antibody specific for ERG protein comprises a label and the antibody specific for PTEN protein comprises a label.
7. The kit of claim 6 , wherein the label is a radioactive isotope, fluorophore, chromophore, ligand, chemiluminescent agent, enzyme, or combination thereof.
8. The kit of claim 5 , wherein the nucleic acid probe specific for ERG transcript comprises a label and the nucleic acid probe specific for PTEN transcript comprises a label.
9. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the label is a radioactive isotope, fluorophore, chromophore, ligand, chemiluminescent agent, enzyme, or combination thereof.
10. The kit of claim 5 , wherein the pair of primers for specific amplification of ERG transcript comprise a label and the pair of primers for specific amplification of PTEN transcript comprise a label.
11. The kit of claim 10 , wherein the label is a radioactive isotope, fluorophore, chromophore, ligand, chemiluminescent agent, enzyme, or combination thereof.
12. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the kit comprises at least two detection means selected from the group consisting of:
a nucleic acid probe specific for ERG transcript, a nucleic acid probe specific for PTEN transcript, a pair of primers for specific amplification of ERG transcript, a pair of primers for specific amplification of PTEN transcript, an antibody specific for ERG protein, and an antibody specific for a PTEN protein.
13. The kit of claim 1 , further comprising a detection means selected from the group consisting of:
a nucleic acid probe specific for a control transcript, a pair of primers for specific amplification of a control transcript, and an antibody specific for a control protein.
14. The kit of claim 13 , wherein the control transcript or control protein is β-actin, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1), HBS1-like protein (HBS1L), alpha haemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) or a combination thereof.
15. The kit of claim 1 , further comprising a detection means selected from the group consisting of:
a nucleic acid probe specific for a prostate cancer-related gene transcript, a pair of primers for specific amplification of a prostate cancer-related gene transcript, and an antibody specific for a prostate cancer-related protein.
16. The kit of claim 15 , wherein the prostate cancer-related gene transcript or the prostate cancer-related protein is growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1); wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5 (WNT5A); thymidine kinase 1 (TK1); V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF); ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4); tumor protein p63; B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2); Ki67; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK6); or prostate specific antigen (PSA).
17. The kit of claim 1 , wherein the means for detecting in a biological sample an ERG genomic sequence, ERG transcript or ERG protein and the means for detecting in a biological sample a PTEN genomic sequence, PTEN transcript or PTEN protein are covalently attached to a solid support.
18. A kit for predicting the likelihood of prostate cancer progression, comprising:
(a) means for detecting in a biological sample an ERG genomic sequence, ERG transcript or ERG protein;
(b) means for detecting in a biological sample a PTEN genomic sequence, PTEN transcript or PTEN protein; and
(c) a positive control sample and a negative control sample, wherein:
(i) the positive control sample comprises a prostate cancer sample from a subject known to have capsular penetration, and
(ii) the negative control sample comprises a prostate cancer sample from a subject known not to have capsular penetration.