Liquid composition, glass article and method of forming coating film
There are provide a liquid composition for forming a silicon oxide-based cured coating film by the sol-gel method, the liquid composition having excellent storage stability and being capable of forming a coating film excellent in durability, in particular, alkali resistance even after long-term storage. A liquid composition applied on a surface of a substrate and cured by heating to form a coating film, contains: a matrix component containing a hydrolyzable silicon compound whose content is 20 to 60 mass % as a SiO 2 content when silicon atoms contained in the matrix component are converted into SiO 2 to the total solid content amount in the liquid composition; a functional component containing an ultraviolet absorbent and an infrared absorbent; water; and an acid thermally decomposing at 80° C. or higher and a temperature of the heating or lower, wherein a pH increases between before and after the thermal decomposition of the acid.
1. A liquid composition, comprising:
a hydrolyzable silicon compound (a) which upon hydrolysis and condensation reaction forms a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) matrix;
a functional component (c) comprising an ultraviolet absorbent (c1) and an infrared absorbent (c2);
water (d);
a chelating agent which is a polymer comprising as polymerized units one or more selected from maleic acid, an acrylic acid and a methacrylic acid,
an organic solvent compatible with water; and
an acid (e) which thermally decomposes at a temperature from 80° C. to 230° C.,
wherein the content of the hydrolyzable silicon compound (a) is 20 to 60 mass % as a SiO 2 equivalent content relative to the total solid content amount in the liquid composition, and
a pH of the liquid composition is 5 or less.
2. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , further comprising from 0.1 to 100 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the hydrolyzable silicon compound (a) of a film-forming component (b).
3. The liquid composition according to claim 1 ,
wherein the acid (e) thermally decomposes at a temperature from 80° C. to 230° C.
4. The liquid composition according to claim 1 ,
wherein the pH of the liquid composition when the acid (e) thermally decomposes is greater than 5.
5. The liquid composition according to claim 1 ,
wherein the hydrolyzable silicon compound comprises a tetrafunctional alkoxysilane compound.
6. The liquid composition according to claim 1 ,
wherein the acid (e) comprises at least one of maleic acid and succinic acid.
7. The liquid composition according to claim 2 ,
wherein the content of the infrared absorbent (c2) is 5 to 40 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the hydrolyzable silicon compound (a) and film-forming component (b).
8. The liquid composition according to claim 2 ,
wherein the film-forming component (b) comprises a polyepoxide.
9. The liquid composition according to claim 1 ,
wherein when the liquid composition is stored at 23° C. for 48 hours after produced is used to form a coating film with a film thickness of 1.0 to 7.0 μm on a substrate and is immersed together with the substrate in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of 0.1 N at 23° C. for 2 hours, a decreased amount in film thickness after the immersion with respect to before the immersion is 0.5 μm or less.
10. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet absorbent (c1) is a silylated ultraviolet absorbent having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
11. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid different from the acid (e), and a dispersing agent.
12. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a molecular weight of the chelating agent is from 1,000 to 100,000 g/mole.
13. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a thermal decomposition temperature of the polymeric chelating agent exceeds 230° C.
14. The liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the polymeric chelating agent is from 1 to 13 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the infrared absorbent (c2).
15. A method of forming a coating film using the liquid composition according to claim 1 on a surface of a substrate, the method comprising:
applying the liquid composition to the surface to form an applied film; and
curing the applied film by heating the applied film to a temperature at which the acid (e) is decomposed or higher and a temperature at which the matrix component (a) is cured.
16. A glass article comprising a glass substrate and a coating film obtained according to the method of claim 15 on a surface of at least a part of the glass substrate.
17. The glass article according to claim 16 ,
wherein a film thickness of the coating film is 1.0 to 7.0 μm.
18. The glass article according to claim 16 ,
wherein a visible light transmittance measured in accordance with JIS R3212 (1998) is 70% or more, and an ultraviolet transmittance measured in accordance with ISO-9050 (1990) is 3% or less.
19. The glass article according to claim 16 ,
wherein a solar radiation transmittance measured in accordance with JIS R3106 (1998) is 46% or less.
20. The glass article according to claim 16 ,
wherein when a 1000-rotation abrasion test with a CS-10F abrasive wheel in accordance with JIS R3212 (1998) is carried out on a surface of the coating film, an increased amount in haze after the test with respect to before the test is 5% or less.