Methods and systems for signing resource identifiers

1. A method, comprising:

at a proxy server having one or more processors and memory storing instructions for execution by the one or more processors, wherein the proxy server is coupled to a user device and a plurality of web servers:

receiving, from the user device, a first request for a first web page provided by a first web server, wherein the first web page includes one or more zero-rated content items, each zero-rated content item comprising free content provided to a user at no cost to the user;

in response to receiving the first request, retrieving, from the first web server, the requested first web page;

processing the retrieved first web page, comprising:

identifying one or more resource identifiers contained within the retrieved first web page, each resource identifier associated with a respective zero-rated content item of the one or more zero-rated content items of the first web page;

for each of the identified one or more resource identifiers, appending a respective signature corresponding to the respective zero-rated content item of the one or more zero-rated content items;

forwarding the processed first web page to the user device;

receiving, from the user device, a second request that includes a first resource identifier of the retrieved first web page, the second request including a first signature appended to the first resource identifier, wherein the first resource identifier is associated with a first zero-rated content item;

validating the first signature; and

in accordance with a determination that the first signature is valid, retrieving the first zero-rated content item to provide to the user.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

storing a first whitelist of web pages; and

determining whether the retrieved first web page is included in the first whitelist;

wherein processing the retrieved first web page is performed in accordance with a determination that the retrieved first web page is included in the first whitelist.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

receiving, from the user device, a second request for a second web page provided by a second web server;

in response to receiving the second request, retrieving, from the second web server, the requested second web page;

determining whether the retrieved second web page is included in the first whitelist; and

in accordance with a determination that the retrieved second web page is not included in the first whitelist, sending an alert to the user device without processing the retrieved second web page.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

generating the one or more signatures in association with the one or more resource identifiers, wherein a respective signature of the one or more signatures is a hash value of a corresponding resource identifier of the one or more resource identifiers.

5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:

storing the generated one or more signatures in association with the respective one or more resource identifiers and in association with the retrieved first web page in a database of the proxy server.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein:

the first signature includes a timestamp that expires after a predetermined time period;

validating the first signature comprises determining whether the timestamp of the first signature has expired; and

retrieving the first zero-rated content item is performed in response to a determination that the first timestamp has not expired.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein validating the first signature comprises checking the first signature against one or more signatures stored in the database of the proxy server.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

in accordance with a determination that the second request does not include a valid signature appended to the first resource identifier, blocking the second request.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

storing a second whitelist of zero-rated types of content items or zero-rated resource identifiers.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:

storing a blacklist of resource identifiers or content item types that are not zero-rated.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

validating the first resource identifier in the second request against the second whitelist and the blacklist to determine whether the first zero-rated content item associated with the first resource identifier is zero-rated.

12. The method of claim 5 , wherein:

the first signature includes a timestamp that expires after a predetermined time period; and

the method further comprises:

determining whether the timestamp of the first signature has expired;

in accordance with a determination that the first timestamp has expired:

blocking the second request; and

sending a notification to the user device.

13. A method, comprising:

at a computing device having one or more processors and memory storing instructions for execution by the one or more processors, wherein the computing device is coupled to a proxy server for zero-rating:

sending, to the proxy server, a first request for a web page that includes one or more zero-rated content items, wherein the one or more zero-rated content items comprise free content items provided to a user at no cost to the user;

in response to the first request, rendering the web page received from the proxy server, the received web page including one or more resource identifiers, each resource identifier associated with a respective zero-rated content item of the one or more zero-rated content items of the first web page, appended with one or more signatures respectively;

generating a second request for obtaining a first zero-rated content item associated with a first resource identifier of the one or more resource identifiers, wherein the generated second request includes a first signature appended to the first resource identifier; and

sending the second request to the proxy server.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more signatures are generated by the proxy server to be in association with the one or more resource identifiers, a respective signature of the one or more signatures being a hash value of a corresponding resource identifier of the one or more resource identifiers.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein a respective signature of the one or more signatures includes a timestamp that expires after a predetermined time period.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

displaying a list of resource identifiers corresponding to one or more web pages provided by respective web servers, wherein the one or more web pages include one or more zero-rated content items;

receiving a user selection of a first resource identifier from the list of the resource identifiers; and

in response to receiving the user selection, generating the first request.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second request is generated in response to rendering the web page on the user device.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of an electronic device, the one or more programs including instructions for:

receiving, from the user device, a first request for a first web page provided by a first web server, wherein the first web page includes one or more zero-rated content items, each zero-rated content item comprising free content provided to a user at no cost to the user;

in response to receiving the first request, retrieving, from the first web server, the requested first web page;

processing the retrieved first web page, comprising:

identifying one or more resource identifiers contained within the retrieved first web page, each resource identifier associated with a respective zero-rated content item of the one or more zero-rated content items of the first web page;

for each of the identified one or more resource identifiers, appending a respective signature corresponding to the respective zero-rated content item of the one or more zero-rated content items;

forwarding the processed first web page to the user device;

receiving, from the user device, a second request that includes a first resource identifier of the retrieved first web page, the second request including a first signature appended to the first resource identifier, wherein the first resource identifier is associated with a first zero-rated content item;

validating the first signature; and

in accordance with a determination that the first signature is valid, retrieving the first zero-rated content item to provide to the user.