Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems provide for solar panel arrays that can be aesthetically pleasing and appear seamless to an observer. BIPV systems can be on-roof systems, elevated from the surface of a roof, being flush or forming a substantively uniform plane with roof panels or other panels mimicking a solar panel appearance. Pans supporting BIPV solar panels can be coupled by standing seams to other photovoltaic-supporting pans or pans supporting non-photovoltaic structures, having both functional and aesthetic advantages. In some configurations, inverted seams can couple photovoltaic-supporting pans and non-photovoltaic structures, forming a substantively planar surface. In some configurations, the appearance of BIPV systems can be particularly aesthetically pleasing and generally seamless to an observer.
1. A solar roof assembly, comprising:
a support material covering a portion of a roof surface;
a plurality of standing seam metal roof pans arranged in columns on the roof surface over the support material such that a top surface of each of the metal roof pans is elevated at a first height above the roof surface;
a plurality of support pans arranged in columns on the roof surface adjacent to at least one column of standing seam metal roof pan, each support pan comprising a pair of standing seams running a length of each side edge thereof and having a plurality of ridges and valleys and between each side edge;
a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged end to end in columns over the plurality of support pans on the plurality of ridges such that the plurality of photovoltaic modules covers the plurality of ridges and valleys of the underlying plurality support pans, wherein each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules comprises an electrical connection that is disposed within a valley of an underlying support pan;
at least one transition pan in each column of photovoltaic modules down-roof from the last photovoltaic module, the at least one transition pan comprising a pair of standing seams running a length of each side edge and a lapping portion extending under the corresponding up-roof support pan; and
a seam cap covering all standing seam portions of adjacent pans,
wherein each of the support pans elevates a top surface of a respective photovoltaic module thereon to the first height above the roof surface.
2. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of standing seam metal roof pans comprise one or more of non-photovoltaic pans, dummy pans, or roof pans.
3. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising at least a first seam clip and a second seam clip attached to the photovoltaic modules, configured to mechanically couple with a first standing seam portion and a second standing seam portion, of the metal roof pans or the support pans.
4. The solar roof assembly of claim 3 , wherein the seam clips include tab portions configured to bend away from each other and to cover metal roof pan portions or support pan portions on either side of the seam clips.
5. The solar roof assembly of claim 4 , further comprising module rails bonded to the bottom surface of each of the photovoltaic modules, and pan rails bonded to the upper surface of each of the support pans.
6. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a heat storage material positioned between at least one pairing of the photovoltaic modules and support pans, wherein the heat storage material comprises at least one compartment having a phase change material can transition from a first phase to a second phase at a transition temperature.
7. The solar roof assembly of claim 6 , wherein the support pan further comprises stand-off sections forming one or more wells in which pouches of heat storage material are contained.
8. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising at least one transition pan in each column of photovoltaic modules up-roof from the photovoltaic module closest to a roof ridge, the at least one up-roof transition pan comprising a pair of standing seams running a length of each side edge and a lapping portion extending under the corresponding down-roof support pan, wherein up-roof transition are configured to form openings to allow heat to escape from underneath the plurality of photovoltaic modules.
9. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the transition pans in each column of photovoltaic modules down-roof from the last photovoltaic module further comprise down-roof transition pans proximate the roof eave, the down-roof transition pans configured to form openings to allow for precipitation drainage and airflow underneath the photovoltaic module.
10. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising one or more non-photovoltaic modules within one or more of the columns photovoltaic modules, the one or more non-photovoltaic modules being configured to mimic the appearance of the photovoltaic modules.
11. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the seam covers, the photovoltaic modules, the standing seam metal roof pans, and the transition pans form a surface with a generally uniform appearance.
12. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , further comprising grounding clips configured to engage with and electrically ground one or more of the photovoltaic modules and the standing seam metal roof pans.
13. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , wherein each photovoltaic module further comprises bypass diodes configured to bypass one or more solar cell sub-strings affected by a shade pattern of one or more of the standing seams.
14. The solar roof assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of photovoltaic modules comprise crystalline-based solar cells.
15. A solar roof assembly for mounting on a roof surface comprising:
a plurality of standing seam metal roof pans configured for mounting in columns on the roof surface such that a top surface of each of the metal roof pans is elevated at a first height above the roof surface;
a plurality of support pans configured for mounting in columns on the roof surface adjacent to at least one column of metal roof pans, each support pan comprising a pair of standing seams running a length of each side edge thereof and having a plurality of ridges and valleys and between each side edge; and
a plurality of photovoltaic modules configured for mounting end to end in columns over the plurality of support pans on the plurality of ridges such that the plurality of photovoltaic modules covers the plurality of ridges and valleys of the underlying plurality of support pans, wherein each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules comprises an electrical connection that is disposed within a valley of an underlying support pan;
wherein each of the support pans elevates a top surface of a respective photovoltaic module thereon to the first height above the roof surface.
16. The solar roof assembly of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of metal roof pans comprise one or more of non-photovoltaic pans, dummy pans, or roof pans.
17. The solar roof assembly of claim 15 , further comprising at least a first seam clip and a second seam clip attached to the photovoltaic modules, configured to mechanically couple with a first seam portion and a second seam portion, of the metal roof pans or the support pans.
18. The solar roof assembly of claim 17 , wherein the seam clips include tab portions configured to bend away from each other and to cover metal roof pan portions or support pan portions on either side of the seam clips.
19. The solar roof assembly of claim 18 , further comprising module rails bonded to the bottom surface of each of the photovoltaic modules, and pan rails bonded to the upper surface of each of the support pans.
20. The solar roof assembly of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of photovoltaic modules comprise crystalline-based solar cells.