Particulates having high total solar reflectance
A reflective particulate composition includes a particulate mixture that includes a particulate substrate, a hardness enhancer and a pigment. The reflective particulate substrate has a hydrophobic coating on the particulate mixture. The composition may have a solar reflectance of 70% or greater. The pigment may include a clay, and the particulate substrate may include a feldspar. A method of making the composition may include mixing the particulate substrate, the hardness enhancer, and the pigment to form a particulate mixture, heat treating the particulate mixture, and coating the heat treated mixture with the hydrophobic coating.
1. A reflective particulate composition, comprising:
a particulate mixture comprising:
a particulate substrate comprising a feldspar and/or a sand,
a hardness enhancer, and
a pigment comprising a clay, the particulate substrate being present in the particulate mixture in an amount greater than an amount of the pigment; and
a hydrophobic exterior coating on the particulate mixture.
2. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate mixture without the hydrophobic exterior coating has a total solar reflectance of 70% or greater.
3. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate substrate comprises the feldspar.
4. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 3 , wherein the feldspar comprises nepheline syenite.
5. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 3 , wherein the feldspar is present in the particulate mixture in an amount of 20 wt % to 60 wt % based on 100 wt % of the particulate mixture.
6. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 3 , wherein the particulate substrate further comprises the sand, and the sand comprises a silica-based sand.
7. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 6 , wherein the silica-based sand is present in the particulate mixture in an amount of 3 wt % to 20 wt % based on 100 wt % of the particulate mixture.
8. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hardness enhancer comprises Plaster of Paris, Epsom salt, aplite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and/or sodium carbonate.
9. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hardness enhancer comprises Plaster of Paris.
10. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hardness enhancer is present in an amount of 10 wt % or greater based on 100% by weight of the particulate mixture.
11. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the clay comprises a kaolin clay, and the pigment comprises a clay-based pigment composition comprising the kaolin clay in an amount of 50% by weight or greater based on 100% by weight of the clay-based pigment composition.
12. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 11 , wherein the pigment is present in the particulate mixture in an amount of 45 wt % or less based on 100 wt % of the particulate mixture.
13. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 11 , wherein the clay-based pigment composition further comprises a secondary pigment component selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, alkaline earth metal sulfates, alkaline earth metal silicates, alkali metal silicates, and cristobalite.
14. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 13 , wherein the secondary pigment component comprises Epsom salt, BaSO 4 , SrCO 3 , BaCO 3 , ZrSiO 4 , Ca 2 SiO 4 , Ba 2 SiO 4 , magnesium silicate, SnO and/or ZnO.
15. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 13 , wherein the secondary pigment component is present in the particulate mixture in an amount of 1 wt % to 15 wt % based on 100 wt % of the particulate mixture.
16. The reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic exterior coating comprises a silane and/or a siloxane.
17. A method of making the reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
mixing the particulate substrate, the hardness enhancer, the pigment and a liquid medium to form the particulate mixture;
heat treating the particulate mixture; and
mixing the particulate mixture with a hydrophobic coating composition to form the hydrophobic exterior coating on the particulate mixture.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the hydrophobic coating composition comprises a silane and/or siloxane, and a liquid diluting medium.
19. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising crushing the particulate mixture prior to the heat treatment.
20. The method according to claim 19 , further comprising drying the particulate mixture before the crushing.
21. A method of making the reflective particulate composition according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
mixing the particulate substrate, the hardness enhancer, the pigment and a liquid medium to form the particulate mixture;
drying the particulate mixture at a temperature up to about 800° C. to form a dried particulate mixture;
crushing the dried particulate mixture to form a crushed particulate mixture and fine particulates;
mixing the fine particulates with additional amounts of the particulate substrate, the hardness enhancer, the pigment and the liquid medium to form a second particulate mixture;
heat treating the crushed particulate mixture and the second particulate mixture; and
mixing the crushed particulate mixture and the second particulate mixture with a hydrophobic coating composition to form the hydrophobic exterior coating on the crushed particulate mixture and the second particulate mixture.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the fine particulates have a particle size sufficient to pass through a 40 mesh or smaller sieve.