Systems and methods of constructing three-dimensional (3D) model of an object using image cross-sections
Methods and systems for capturing motion and/or determining the shapes and positions of one or more objects in 3D space utilize cross-sections thereof. In various embodiments, images of the cross-sections are captured using a camera based on edge points thereof.
1. A method of identifying a position and a shape of at least a portion of an object in a three-dimensional (3D) space, the method comprising:
capturing, with a single camera having a particular vantage point, two or more images generated by casting an output from at least one source onto the portion of the object;
analyzing the two or more images captured by the camera from the particular vantage point to computationally represent the portion of the object, as captured, as one or more mathematically represented 3D surfaces, each 3D surface corresponding to a cross-section of the portion of the object, based at least in part on a plurality of edge points of the portion of the object in the image, tangent lines extending from the camera to at least two edge points of the plurality of edge points and a centerline corresponding to the tangent lines; and
reconstructing the position of and the shape fitting at least the portion of the object in the 3D space based at least in part on the plurality of edge points and the centerline.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising analyzing the one or more surfaces to produce a 3D model.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a 3D model by correlating a cross-section of an object portion represented by a first surface with a cross-section of at least one different object portion represented by at least one different 3D surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a 3D model based on at least one of an object type of an object comprising the portion of the object and characteristics of the object type.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a 3D model by informing results of the analyzing with results of such analyzing as conducted on images obtained at a different time and correspondingly modifying the model.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a position of an object portion based upon informing results of the analyzing with results of such analyzing as conducted on images obtained at a different time.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining constraints on at least one of a number and position of one or more object portions according an object type.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising resolving an at least partially occluded object portion by conducting spatial correlations across surfaces.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capturing one or more additional image sets of two or more images; and resolving an at least partially occluded object portion by conducting temporal correlations across image sets.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising resolving an at least partially occluded object portion by applying physical constraints of an object type.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a 3D model formed by the reconstructing.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the model represents a generic hand, the refining further comprising texture mapping details from image capture onto a generic hand model.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising morphing the model according to detected object orientation and motion.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the refining includes refining a 3D model based at least in part upon one of continuity in motion and continuity in deformation.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining a 3D model formed by the reconstructing by comparing a reconstructed model of the portion of the object to object types in a library of object types and characteristic parameters for objects in one or more possible poses; and assigning matching object types to the model when a match based on characteristic parameters is found.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the object type includes a hand, the pose includes fingers extended and palm facing the camera, and the characteristic parameters include five fingers.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein refining the model further comprises applying a constraint to the model based on characteristics of the object type.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the object type includes a hand, and the constraint includes positions and angles of fingers relative to each other and to a palm portion of a hand.
19. A head mounted device, comprising:
an optical assembly to display a displayed environment including at least one of a surrounding environment and a virtual environment, the surrounding environment including at least a portion of an object; and
a motion-capture system facilitating interactive control of the displayed environment, the motion-capture system including:
a single camera, having a particular vantage point, to capture two or more images of the object portion;
at least one source to direct illumination onto the portion of the object; and
an image analyzer coupled to the camera and the at least one source and configured to:
analyze the two or more images captured by the camera from the particular vantage point to computationally represent the portion of the object, as captured, as one or more mathematically represented 3D surfaces, each 3D surface corresponding to a cross-section of the portion of the object, based at least in part on a plurality of edge points of the portion of the object in the image, tangent lines extending from the camera to at least two of the plurality of edge points and a centerline corresponding to the tangent lines; and
reconstruct a position of and the shape fitting at least a portion of the object in 3D space based at least in part on the plurality of edge points and the centerline.
20. The head mounted device of claim 19 , wherein the motion-capture system further comprises a time-of-flight camera, and wherein a plurality of points on at least one object surface are determined from time-of-flight data.
21. The head mounted device of claim 20 , wherein the motion-capture system further combines time-of-flight data with tangent-line information to provide a more detailed model of an object's shape.
22. The head mounted device of claim 19 , wherein the virtual environment comprises one or more virtual objects manipulable using hand gestures tracked by the motion-capture system.
23. The head mounted device of claim 19 , wherein the object portion comprises at least a portion of a hand; and wherein the motion-capture system detects a position and shape of the hand.
24. The head mounted device of claim 23 , wherein the optical assembly projects gestures made by the hand into the displayed environment enabling interactive control of objects in the displayed environment.
25. The head mounted device of claim 24 , wherein the displayed environment comprises at least one selected from a gaming application and an internet browsing application.