ABLATION MANAGEMENT
During a dual-signal period, a dual electric signal is applied at a site of a nerve of a subject, and during an ablation-signal period that is separate from the dual-signal period, an ablation electric signal is applied at the site. The dual electric signal has an excitation component and an ablation component, and the ablation electric signal has the ablation component but not the excitation component. Other embodiments are also described.
1 . A method, comprising:
during a dual-signal period, applying, via an electrode disposed at a site of a nerve of a subject, a dual electric signal that has (i) an excitation component that has a frequency of 20-500 Hz, and (ii) an ablation component that has a frequency of 5 kHz-1 GHz; and
during an ablation-signal period that is separate from the dual-signal period, applying, via the electrode disposed at the site, an ablation electric signal that has the ablation component but not the excitation component.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dual electric signal is a dual electric signal that alternates between the excitation component and the ablation component more frequently than once every two seconds, and wherein applying the dual electric signal during the dual-signal period comprises applying, during the dual-signal period, the dual electric signal that alternates between the excitation component and the ablation component more frequently than once every two seconds.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dual electric signal is a complex signal that contains the excitation component and the ablation component, and wherein applying the dual electric signal during the dual-signal period comprises applying, during the dual-signal period, the complex signal that contains the excitation component and the ablation component.
4 - 7 . (canceled)
8 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising detecting a change in a value of a parameter of a subject during the first dual-signal period, and at least in part responsively to the detected change, configuring one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: a duration of the ablation-signal period, a frequency of the ablation electric signal, and an amplitude of the ablation electric signal.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the dual-signal period is a first dual-signal period, and applying the dual electric signal comprises applying a first application of the dual electric signal,
the ablation-signal period is subsequent to the first dual-signal period, and
the method further comprises:
detecting a change in a value of a parameter of a subject during the first dual-signal period;
during a second dual-signal period that is subsequent to the ablation-signal period, applying, via the electrode disposed at the site, a second application of the dual electric signal; and
at least in part responsively to the detected change, configuring one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: a duration of the second dual-signal period, a frequency of the dual electric signal during the second application of the dual electric signal, and an amplitude of the dual electric signal during the second application of the dual electric signal.
10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the selected characteristic is the duration of the second dual-signal period, and configuring the one or more characteristics comprises configuring the duration of the second dual-signal period.
11 . The method according to claim 10 , wherein detecting the change in the value of the parameter comprises timing a duration of the first dual-signal period until the detected change reaches a pre-determined magnitude, and configuring the duration of second dual-signal period comprises configuring the duration of the second dual-signal period according to the duration of the first dual-signal period.
12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the ablation-signal period is subsequent to the dual-signal period,
the method further comprises detecting a change in a value of a parameter of a subject during the dual-signal period, and
applying the ablation electric signal comprises applying the ablation electric signal in response to the change in the value of the parameter during the dual-signal period.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein:
the dual-signal period is a first dual-signal period, and applying the dual electric signal comprises applying a first application of the dual electric signal,
the ablation-signal period is a first ablation-signal period, and applying the ablation electric signal comprises applying a first application of the ablation electric signal, and
the method further comprises:
during a second dual-signal period that is subsequent to the first ablation-signal period, applying, via the electrode disposed at the site, a second application of the dual electric signal;
detecting a change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period; and
in response to the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period, during a second ablation-signal period, applying, via the electrode disposed at the site, a second application of the ablation electric signal.
14 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein applying the second application of the ablation electric signal in response to the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period comprises applying the second application of the ablation electric signal in response to a difference between (i) the change in the value of the parameter during the first dual-signal period, and (ii) the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period.
15 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein:
the dual-signal period is a first dual-signal period, and applying the dual electric signal comprises applying a first application of the dual electric signal,
the ablation-signal period is a first ablation-signal period, and applying the ablation electric signal comprises applying a first application of the ablation electric signal, and
the method further comprises:
during a second dual-signal period that is subsequent to the ablation-signal period, applying, via the electrode disposed at the site, a second application of the dual electric signal;
detecting a change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period; and
in response to the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period, moving the electrode to another site of the nerve of the subject.
16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein moving the electrode to the other site of the nerve of the subject in response to the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period comprises moving the electrode to the other site of the nerve of the subject in response to a difference between (i) the change in the value of the parameter during the first dual-signal period, and (ii) the change in the value of the parameter during the second dual-signal period.
17 . Apparatus for use with a blood vessel of a subject, the apparatus comprising:
a longitudinal member that has a proximal portion and a distal portion, comprising an electrode disposed at the distal portion, the distal portion being transluminally advanceable to the blood vessel; and
a control unit, in electrical communication with the electrode, and comprising circuitry, configured to:
during a dual-signal period, drive the electrode to apply a dual electric signal that has (i) an excitation component that has a frequency of 20-500 Hz, and (ii) an ablation component that has a frequency of 5 kHz-1 GHz; and
during an ablation-signal period that is separate from the dual-signal period, drive the electrode to apply an ablation electric signal that has the ablation component but not the excitation component.
18 . The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the dual electric signal is a dual electric signal that alternates between the excitation component and the ablation component more frequently than once every two seconds, and wherein the control unit is configured to, during the dual-signal period, drive the electrode to apply the dual electric signal that alternates between the excitation component and the ablation component more frequently than once every two seconds.
19 . The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the dual electric signal is a complex signal that contains the excitation component and the ablation component, and wherein the control unit is configured to, during the dual-signal period, drive the electrode to apply the complex signal that contains the excitation component and the ablation component.
20 - 23 . (canceled)
24 . The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the apparatus is for use with a blood pressure sensor, and wherein:
the control unit comprises a blood-pressure-sensor interface that provides communication between the control unit and the blood pressure sensor; and
the circuitry is configured to receive blood-pressure information from the blood pressure sensor during the dual-signal period.
25 . (canceled)
26 . The apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein:
the dual-signal period is a first dual-signal period, and the dual electric signal applied during the first dual-signal period is a first application of the dual electric signal, and
the circuitry is configured:
such that the ablation-signal period is subsequent to the first dual-signal period,
to apply, during a second dual-signal period that is subsequent to the ablation-signal period, a second application of the dual electric signal,
to identify a change in a blood-pressure value of the subject during the first dual-signal period,
at least in part responsively to the change, to configure one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: a duration of the second dual-signal period, a frequency of the dual electric signal during the second application of the dual electric signal, and an amplitude of the dual electric signal during the second application of the dual electric signal.
27 . The apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein the circuitry is configured to identify a change in a blood-pressure value of the subject during the first dual-signal period, and at least in part responsively to the change, to configure one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of: a duration of the ablation-signal period, a frequency of the ablation electric signal, and an amplitude of the ablation electric signal.
28 . A method, comprising:
advancing an electrode into a blood vessel of a subject; and
while the electrode is disposed at a site within the blood vessel, activating a control unit to drive the electrode to apply a dual electric signal that has (i) an excitation component that has a frequency of 20-500 Hz, and (ii) an ablation component that has a frequency of 5 kHz-1 GHz, and that alternates between the excitation component and the ablation component more frequently than once every two seconds.
29 - 34 . (canceled)
35 . The method according to claim 28 , wherein:
the dual electric signal alternates between bursts of the excitation component and bursts of the ablation component such that, during a dual-signal period (i) in which the dual signal is applied, (ii) that has a duration and, (iii) that contains an equal number of excitation-component bursts and ablation-component bursts, the ablation-component bursts cumulatively have an ablation-component duration of 70-95 percent of a duration of the dual-signal period, and
activating the control unit to apply the dual electric signal comprises activating the control unit to apply the dual electric signal that alternates between bursts of the excitation component and bursts the ablation component such that, during the dual-signal period, the ablation-component bursts cumulatively have the ablation-component duration of 70-95 percent of the duration of the dual signal period.
36 . The method according to claim 28 , wherein:
the dual electric signal alternates between bursts of the excitation component and bursts of the ablation component such that, during a dual-signal period that has a duration and contains an equal number of excitation-component bursts and ablation-component bursts, the excitation-component bursts cumulatively have an excitation-component duration of 5-30 percent of a duration of the dual-signal period, and
activating the control unit to apply the dual electric signal comprises activating the control unit to apply the dual electric signal that alternates between bursts of the excitation component and bursts of the ablation component such that, during the dual-signal period, the excitation-component bursts cumulatively have an excitation-component duration of 5-30 percent of the duration of the dual signal period.
37 - 46 . (canceled)