Beam forming and pointing in a network of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for broadband access
Systems and methods configured to form and point beams from one or more unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) toward a target coverage area on the ground. One embodiment describes dividing the target coverage area on the ground among multiple UAVs when each UAV antenna system generates static beams. Another embodiment describes dividing the target coverage area on the ground among multiple UAVs when their antenna systems are capable of dynamically steering their respective beams. Another set of embodiments describe systems and method to allow multiple UAVs to provide service in the same area on the ground using the same spectrum.
1. A method of relaying Internet traffic via an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the method comprising:
associating each of a plurality of ground terminals to respective ones of a plurality of cells;
receiving data at the UAV from a gateway apparatus, the gateway apparatus being in data communication with an Internet; and
transmitting via a first beam comprising at least a portion of the received data to the plurality of cells, the associated ones of the plurality of ground terminals being in data communication with the UAV, the UAV and the associated ones of the plurality of ground terminals communicating according to an IEEE 802.11 physical air interface protocol;
executing, at the UAV and the associated ones of the plurality of ground terminals, an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer configured to synchronize the plurality of ground terminals to a master UAV transceiver;
where adjacent ones of the plurality of cells receive the first beam at different frequencies.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising executing, at the UAV and the ground terminal, an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer that is configured to synchronize to a timing signal generated from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing, from the master UAV transceiver to at least one other transceiver within the UAV.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing, from the master UAV transceiver, a clock timing reference via a beacon message to the UAV.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising executing, at the UAV, an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer configured to synchronize one or more transceivers within the UAV to the master UAV transceiver.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of executing, at the UAV, an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer configured to synchronize the one or more transceivers within the UAV to the master UAV transceiver at least in part comprises transmitting a clock timing of the master UAV transceiver to the one or more transceivers within the UAV.
7. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) configured to relay Internet traffic, the UAV comprising:
a first radio interface configured to communicate with a gateway apparatus;
a second radio interface configured to communicate with a plurality of ground terminals according to an IEEE 802.11 physical air interface protocol;
a processor apparatus; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus:
associate each of the plurality of ground terminals to respective ones of a plurality of cells;
receive data from the gateway apparatus while the gateway apparatus is in data communication with an Internet;
transmit via a first beam, at least a portion of the received data to the plurality of cells while the plurality of ground terminals are in communication with the UAV;
execute an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer configured to synchronize the plurality of ground terminals to a master UAV transceiver;
where adjacent ones of the plurality of cells receive the first beam at different frequencies.
8. The UAV of claim 7 , wherein the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer is configured to synchronize to a timing signal generated from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver.
9. The UAV of claim 7 , wherein the master UAV transceiver is configured to provide a clock timing reference via a beacon message to one or more other transceivers of the UAV.
10. The UAV of claim 7 , wherein the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer is configured to synchronize one or more transceivers within the UAV to the master UAV transceiver.
11. A ground terminal configured to receive relayed Internet traffic from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the ground terminal comprising:
a radio interface configured to communicate with the UAV according to an IEEE 802.11 physical air interface protocol;
a processor apparatus; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor apparatus:
associate the ground terminal to a cell of a plurality of cells served by the UAV;
receive via a first beam, at least a portion of data transmitted to the plurality of cells by the UAV;
wherein the portion of data transmitted from the gateway apparatus comprises relayed Internet traffic;
execute an IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer configured to synchronize to a master UAV transceiver;
where adjacent ones of the plurality of cells receive the first beam at different frequencies.
12. The ground terminal of claim 11 , where the ground terminal further comprises an antenna sub-system that is configured to transmit or receive according to at least two antenna polarizations.
13. The ground terminal of claim 12 , where the ground terminal further comprises two transmitter and two receiver chains, and
where each one of the two transmitter and two receiver chains are associated with one of the at least two antenna polarizations.
14. The method of claim 1 , where the transmitting via the first beam comprises transmitting via two antenna polarizations.
15. The method of claim 14 , where the transmitting via the two antenna polarizations comprises transmitting according to vertical and horizontal linear polarizations.
16. The method of claim 14 , where the transmitting via the two antenna polarizations comprises transmitting according to left and right circular polarizations.
17. The method of claim 14 , where the transmitting via the two antenna polarizations causes the at least one ground terminal to receive via the two antenna polarizations.
18. The method of claim 14 , where the transmitting via the two antenna polarizations comprises transmitting two data streams; and
wherein one data stream of the two data streams is transmitted on one of the two antenna polarizations.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming a plurality of beams to cover a target coverage area on the ground, the first beam being one of the plurality of beams.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising forming at least the first beam and a second beam of the plurality of beams via different transceivers.