Lithium-ion cells and methods of manufacture
The present disclosure relates to lithium-ion batteries and methods for their manufacture. Specifically, the method includes forming a cathode on a first substrate and forming an anode on a second substrate. The anode material includes silicon. The method includes slitting the first substrate and the second substrate. After slitting the respective substrates, the method includes depositing stabilized lithium metal particles on the anode and forming a cathode electrode tab coupled to the cathode and an anode electrode tab coupled to the anode. The method also includes coupling the anode and the cathode to form a layered structure. The method further includes winding the layered structure to form a rolled structure and placing the rolled structure in a container. The method additionally includes placing an electrolyte in the container sealing the container with the rolled structure and electrolyte placed therein to form a battery.
1. A battery comprising:
a container;
an electrolyte disposed in the container;
a structure disposed in the container, wherein the structure has a rolled shape with a spiral cross-section;
a cathode comprising a cathode material disposed on a first substrate of the structure, wherein the cathode comprises the cathode material coupled to a cathode current collector;
an anode comprising an anode material disposed on a second substrate of the structure, wherein the anode comprises the anode material coupled to an anode current collector, wherein a weight percentage of silicon in the anode material is selected between 40% and 60% such that the battery provides a gravimetric energy density between 280 watt hours per kilogram and 300 watt hours per kilogram; and
lithium metal particles disposed on the anode.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode material comprises at least one of: silicon carbide, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, or a silicon carbon alloy.
3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the silicon weight percentage is predetermined based on a volumetric capacity model or volumetric capacity data.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode material comprises at least one of: Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), Nickel-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (Li w Ni x Co y Mn z O 2 , where w=1, x=0.5-0.6, y=0.3-0.2, z=0.2-0.1), Lithium-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (Li w Ni x Co y Mn z O 2 , where w>1.1, x=0.1-0.2, y=0.05-0.15, z=0.5-0.6), or Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxide (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ).
5. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising a cathode electrode tab coupled to the cathode and an anode electrode tab coupled to the anode.
6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the container is cylindrical.
7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery is configured to operate with a cell voltage between 3.5 V and 4.5 volts.
8. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the separator comprises a polymeric material or a ceramic material.
9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the container comprises a ceramic enclosure.
10. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode further comprises a ceramic material.