Laser welding system and method using cooling mask to control the width of the weld
A laser welding method and system for joining portions of first and second workpieces of thermoplastic material that is partially permeable to a laser beam but absorbs radiation from the laser beam. The first and second workpieces, which are made of material that absorbs radiation from a laser beam, are clamped together. A mask is placed on a first surface of the first workpiece, the first surface being opposite the surface engaging the second workpiece. The mask is impermeable to a laser beam and forms a slot for passing a laser beam to the portion of the first surface of the upper workpiece exposed by the slot, so that heating and melting of the material of the workpieces is limited to the width of the slot. A laser beam is directed onto the slot and moved in a manner to illuminate the slot to melt and join the workpieces.
1. A laser welding system comprising:
a laser beam source configured to emit a laser beam having a wavelength of about 2 microns;
a first workpiece made of thermoplastic material that is optically transparent and partially permeable to said laser beam;
a second workpiece made of thermoplastic material that optically transparent and partially permeable to said laser beam;
a pair of clamping plates positioned and configured to engage opposite sides of said first and second workpieces when said first and second workpieces are adjoining each other with contacting surfaces, said pair of clamping plates being positioned relative to the laser beam source such that both said first and second workpieces partially absorb said laser beam to cause heating and melting in respective portions of said first and second workpieces;
an actuator configured to urge at least one of said pair of clamping plates toward the other one of said clamping plates to press said first and second workpieces together;
a transparent glass plate;
a mask on the opposite side of said first workpiece from said second workpiece, said mask being impermeable to said laser beam and forming a slot for passing said laser beam to the portion of said first workpiece exposed by said slot, so that heating and melting of the material of said first and second workpieces is limited to the width of said slot, said mask being positioned on said transparent glass plate to absorb heat from said first workpiece to cool the portions of said first workpiece not exposed to said laser beam; and
a drive unit configured to move said laser beam to illuminate said slot.
2. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein each of said first and second workpieces lacks any absorbing agents.
3. The laser welding system of claim 2 , wherein each of said first and second workpieces is composed of a polycarbonate or acrylic.
4. The laser welding system of claim 1 wherein said laser beam has an optical fiber beam.
5. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein said laser beam is substantially perpendicular to said mask.
6. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein said mask is chrome plated on glass.
7. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein each of said first and second workpieces is an unfilled polymer that is can be optically transparent, and said laser beam is partially absorbed by said polymer.
8. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein said mask is a reflective-coated photo mask on a bottom surface of said glass plate facing said first workpiece.
9. The laser welding system of claim 1 , wherein said mask is on a top surface of said glass plate opposite a bottom surface thereof, said bottom surface facing said first workpiece.