Compositions for affecting weight loss
Disclosed are compositions for affecting weight loss comprising a first compound and a second compound, where the first compound is an opioid antagonist and the second compound causes increased agonism of a melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3-R) or a melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) compared to normal physiological conditions. Also disclosed are methods of affecting weight loss, increasing energy expenditure, increasing satiety in an individual, or suppressing the appetite of an individual, comprising identifying an individual in need thereof and treating that individual to antagonize opioid receptor activity and to enhance α-MSH activity.
1. A composition for affecting weight loss comprising a first compound and a second compound, wherein said first compound is an opioid antagonist selected from alvimopan, norbinaltorphimine, nalmefene, naloxone, methylnaltrexone, and nalorphine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and said second compound is selected from fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sibutramine, duloxetine, and venlafaxine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said opioid antagonist antagonizes an opioid receptor selected from a μ-opioid receptor (MOP-R), a κ-opioid receptor, and a δ-opioid receptor.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said opioid antagonist is nalmefene, or naloxone, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the second compound is fluoxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. A composition comprising:
a first compound selected from nalmefene, or naloxone, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and
a second compound selected from fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sibutramine, duloxetine, and venlafaxine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the first compound is nalmefene or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the first compound is naloxone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the second compound is fluoxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. A method of affecting weight loss, the method comprising administering the composition of claim 1 to an individual in need thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.
12. A method of affecting weight loss, the method comprising administering the composition of claim 3 to an individual in need thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.
15. A method of affecting weight loss, the method comprising administering the composition of claim 5 to an individual in need thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the individual has a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.