Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure

1. A method for the prophylactic treatment of a subject based on an increased risk of acute kidney injury, comprising:

obtaining a urine sample from the subject;

performing an assay configured to measure 72 kDa type IV collagenase:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex by introducing the urine sample obtained from the subject into an assay instrument which (i) contacts all or a portion of the urine sample with one or more binding reagents which specifically bind for detection 72 kDa type IV collagenase:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex and (ii) generates an assay result indicative of binding of 72 kDa type IV collagenase:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex to its respective binding reagent;

correlating the assay result or a value derived therefrom to the renal status of the subject by using the assay result or value to assign the subject to one of at least two predetermined subpopulations of individuals, wherein a first of the subpopulations has at least a two-fold higher odds ratio of future acute renal injury occurring within 72 hours of the time the urine sample is obtained, the odds ratio calculated relative to a second of the subpopulations; and

treating the subject based on the predetermined subpopulation of individuals to which the patient is assigned, wherein the treatment comprises one or more of initiating renal replacement therapy, withdrawing delivery of compounds that are known to be damaging to the kidney, delaying or avoiding procedures that are known to be damaging to the kidney, and modifying diuretic administration if the patient is assigned to the first of the subpopulations.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said assay result comprises a measured concentration of 72 kDa type IV collagenase:Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 complex.

3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of assay results, one of which is the are combined using a function that converts the plurality of assay results into a single composite result.

4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is not suffering from an acute kidney injury at the time the urine sample is obtained.

5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the future acute renal injury occurring within 72 hours is a future acute renal injury occurring within 24 hours.

6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on the pre-existence in the subject of one or more known risk factors for prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal ARF.

7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on an existing diagnosis of one or more of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration below the normal range, cirrhosis, serum creatinine above the normal range, sepsis, injury to renal function, reduced renal function, or ARF, or based on undergoing or having undergone major vascular surgery, coronary artery bypass, or other cardiac surgery, or based on exposure to NSAIDs, cyclosporines, tacrolimus, aminoglycosides, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobin, myoglobin, ifosfamide, heavy metals, methotrexate, radiopaque contrast agents, or streptozotocin.

8. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the future acute renal injury occurring within 72 hours is a future acute renal injury occurring within 48 hours.