Functionalized lead acid battery separators, improved lead acid batteries, and related methods
In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present application or invention is directed to novel or improved porous membranes or substrates, separator membranes, separators, composites, electrochemical devices, batteries, methods of making such membranes or substrates, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes or substrates, separators and/or batteries. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present application is directed to novel or improved porous membranes having a coating layer, battery separator membranes having a coating layer, separators, energy storage devices, batteries, including lead acid batteries including such separators, methods of making such membranes, separators, and/or batteries, and/or methods of using such membranes, separators and/or batteries. The disclosed separators and/or batteries have improved charge acceptance, improved surface conductivity, improved oxidation resistance, reduced acid stratification, improved resistance to metal contamination induced oxidation, reduced black residue, improved wettability, and/or improved stiffness.
1. A lead acid battery separator comprising:
a porous membrane or substrate having at least one electrically non-conductive, conductive or semiconductive layer, film, coating, deposition, or material; the porous membrane or substrate having a residual processing oil in an amount no more than 20% by weight; the layer, film, coating, deposition, or material has a thickness of the range of 5 μm to 125 μm; the layer, film, coating, deposition, or material comprising a conductive carbon, a metal oxide, and at least one of particles, fibers or materials of at least one of silica, fumed silica, silicon oxide, alumina, metal, cellulose, cellulosic material, glass, fiber glass, carbon, or combinations, blends or mixtures thereof on at least one side thereof.
2. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive carbon is selected from graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, carbon fibers, and combinations, blends or mixtures thereof.
3. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), boehmite (AlO(OH)), silicon oxide, fumed silica, oxides of transition metals, and combinations, blends or mixtures thereof.
4. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , further comprising a silica, silicon oxide, alumina, or combinations, blends or mixtures thereof.
5. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the layer further comprises a polymer, binder or carrier material.
6. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 5 , wherein the carrier or binder comprises one or more glass mats, fiber mats, synthetic mats, ceramics, and polymers.
7. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 5 , wherein the polymer comprises one or more polymers, inorganic or organic polymers or polymeric materials, polymeric binders, organic binder, acrylic resin, cellulose, polyolefin, PVDF, PVDF:HFP, PEO, PTFE, SBR, PVA, phenol formaldehyde resin, or acrylate.
8. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the porous membrane comprises one or more thermoplastic polymers.
9. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 8 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polyethylene.
10. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the porous membrane or substrate comprises ribs, serrations, embossing, corrugation, perforations, or dimples.
11. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the porous membrane or substrate comprises PE, PO, PVC, cellulose, rubber, glass mat, fiber mat, synthetic mat, or AGM.
12. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the porous membrane or substrate comprises one or more additives or agents.
13. The lead acid battery separator according to claim 1 , wherein the porous membrane comprises processing oil in an amount no more than 18% by weight.
14. A lead acid battery comprising the separator according to claim 1 .
15. A method of making the battery separator according to claim 1 , comprising the step of:
applying at least one electrically non-conductive, conductive or semiconductive layer, film, coating, deposition, or material comprising conductive carbon and at least one of particles, fibers or materials of at least one of silica, fumed silica, silicon oxide, alumina, metal, metal oxide, cellulose, cellulosic material, glass, fiber glass, carbon, or combinations, blends or mixtures thereof on at least one side of a porous or microporous membrane or substrate; the porous membrane or substrate having a residual processing oil in an amount no more than 20% by weight.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the layer is applied via a dip, knife, curtain, gravure, solvent coating, aqueous coating, organic coating, physical vapor deposition method, an atomic layer deposition method, or a chemical vapor deposition method.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein a different layer is applied to each side of the porous membrane or substrate.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein two layers are applied to one side of the porous membrane or substrate.