Methods of improving a patients recovery after a neuro-ischemic event
In certain aspects, the present disclosure is directed to a method of improving a patient's recovery after a neuro-ischemic event. The method can include identifying a patient who has suffered a neuro-ischemic event, and stimulating, for a period of time, a parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium before, during, and/or after the patient undergoes a task-oriented therapy to improve the patient's recovery.
1. A method of improving a patient's recovery after a stroke or a transient ischemic attack, the method comprising the steps of:
placing an electrode in electrical communication with a parasympathetic structure of a cranium of a patient who has suffered from a stroke or a transient ischemic attack;
applying an electrical signal to the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium during the patient undergoing a task-oriented therapy to improve the patient's recovery after the stroke or the transient ischemic attack.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying an electrical signal to the parasympathetic structure during the patient undergoing a task-oriented therapy comprises applying the electrical signal while the patient simultaneously undergoes the task-oriented therapy.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the task-oriented therapy is a physical therapy, a cognitive therapy, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stroke or the transient ischemic attack is a stroke.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the stroke is an ischemic stroke.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the stroke is a hemorrhagic stroke.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stroke or the transient ischemic attack is a transient ischemic attack.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasympathetic structure is located in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) of the cranium.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the parasympathetic structure is a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasympathetic structure is a vidian nerve (VN), a greater petrosal nerve (GPN), a sphenopalatine nerve (SPN), a nasopalatine nerve, or any suitable combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein to improve the patient's recovery after the stroke or the transient ischemic attack comprises improving the patient's motor function, improving the patient's cognitive function, improving the patient's speech function, or any suitable combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein to improve the patient's recovery after the stroke or the transient ischemic attack comprises enhancing the patient's neural plasticity through increased cerebral blood flow during therapy.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein to improve the patient's recovery after the stroke or the transient ischemic attack comprises vasodilation of a cerebral blood vessel.
14. The method of claim 3 , wherein undergoing physical therapy comprises performing a motor task, a speech task, a cognitive task, or any suitable combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 3 , wherein undergoing physical therapy comprises the patient performing a motor task and wherein stimulating the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium increases cerebral blood flow.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein stimulating the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium occurs at a frequency between about 0.5 Hz to about 1 KHz, a pulse-width between about 10 μsec to about 1000 μsec, and an amplitude between about 0 mA and about 10 mA.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein stimulating the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium occurs at a frequency of between about 0.5 Hz to about 60 Hz.
18. The method of claim of 1 , wherein placing an electrode in electrical communication with a parasympathetic structure comprises placing an electrode percutaneously, subcutaneously, trans-orally, or trans-nasally into electrical communication with the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying an electrical signal to the parasympathetic structure in the patient's cranium before and/or after the patient undergoes a task-oriented therapy.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein stimulating a parasympathetic structure before the patient undergoes the task-oriented therapy occurs for a duration of about 10 to 30 seconds.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the duration is about 20 seconds.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising continuing to apply an electrical signal to the parasympathetic structure while the patient is simultaneously undergoing the task-oriented therapy, for the entire duration of the task-oriented therapy, to improve the patient's recovery after the stroke or the transient ischemic attack.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the electrical signal is applied to the parasympathetic structure before and/or after the patient undergoes the task-oriented therapy for about 5 seconds to about an hour.