Surface mount solar cell with integrated coverglass
Photovoltaic cells, methods for fabricating surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells, methods for assembling solar panels, and solar panels comprising photovoltaic cells are disclosed. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells include through-wafer-vias for interconnecting the front surface epitaxial layer to a contact pad on the back surface. The through-wafer-vias are formed using a wet etch process that removes semiconductor materials non-selectively without major differences in etch rates between heteroepitaxial III-V semiconductor layers.
1. A surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell, comprising:
a substrate having a front substrate surface and a back substrate surface;
a heteroepitaxial layer overlying the front substrate surface;
an antireflection coating overlying at least a first portion of the heteroepitaxial layer;
a patterned cap region overlying a second portion of the heteroepitaxial layer and electrically connected to the heteroepitaxial layer;
a front side metal pad overlying and electrically connected to the patterned cap region, wherein the front side metal pad comprises a bottom surface;
a back surface solder pad underlying a portion of and electrically connected to the back substrate surface;
a front surface solder pad underlying and insulated from the back substrate surface;
a through-wafer-via formed through the substrate and heteroepitaxial layer interconnecting the front surface solder pad and the front side metal pad; a passivation layer underlying a portion of the back substrate surface and disposed on sidewalls of the through-wafer-via; wherein
at least a portion of the antireflection coating overlying the at least first portion of the heteroepitaxial layer is disposed between the passivation layer on the sidewalls of the through-wafer-via and the patterned cap region and between the front side metal pad and the heteroepitaxial layer
an optical adhesive overlying the front side metal pad, the patterned cap region, and the antireflection coating; and
a coverglass overlying the optical adhesive.
2. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is less than 150 μm thick.
3. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell is characterized by a unit mass per area of less than 0.09 g/cm 2 .
4. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the heteroepitaxial layer comprises at least two junctions.
5. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 ,
wherein the front side metal pad comprises a bottom surface
wherein the front surface solder pad underlies the passivation layer and the bottom surface of the front side metal pad within the through-wafer-via.
6. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , wherein the sidewalls have smooth surfaces and the back substrate surface is free of pitting.
7. The surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 , further comprising
a metal filling the through-wafer-via.
8. A photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of the surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells of claim 1 .
9. The photovoltaic module of claim 8 , comprising:
an interconnection substrate; and
wherein the plurality of surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells are mounted to the interconnection substrate.
10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9 , wherein the interconnection substrate comprises:
interconnects between each of the plurality of surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells; and
a plurality of bypass diodes, wherein each of the plurality of bypass diodes is interconnected to one or more of the plurality of surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells, and
wherein each of the plurality of bypass diodes is mounted to the interconnection substrate.
11. The photovoltaic module of claim 8 , wherein,
the photovoltaic module comprises a front surface area; and
the plurality of surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cells cover at least 70% of the front surface area.
12. A power system comprising at least one photovoltaic module of claim 8 .
13. A method of fabricating a photovoltaic module, comprising surface mounting at least one surface mount multijunction photovoltaic cell of claim 1 to an interconnection substrate.