Optimized fiber loading of rubber useful in PDM stators
A stator for use in a positive displacement motor. The stator comprises a rubber compound including fiber reinforcement. The fiber reinforcement includes a plurality of elongated fibers. The elongated fibers in the fiber reinforcement create a grain direction generally with the grain in the longitudinal direction of the stator tube and across the grain in the transverse direction. The rubber compound has a 25% tensile Modulus that is at least 10% lower across the grain than with the grain. The fiber reinforcement includes a fiber loading of greater than about 2.5 phr of elongate fibers, the elongate fibers have a Modulus of greater than about 60 GPa, and the rubber compound has a 25% tensile Modulus of greater than about 400 psi against the grain and a 50% tensile Modulus of greater than about 700 psi against the grain. In some embodiments, the rubber reinforcement also comprises a blend of fibrillated fibers and short cut fibers.
1. A stator for use in a positive displacement motor, the stator comprising:
a rubber compound formed into a generally cylindrical rubber stator tube having interior helical pathways therein, the helical pathways extending in a longitudinal direction along the stator tube, the helical pathways providing stator lobes formed in the stator tube in a transverse direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction;
the rubber compound including a fiber reinforcement, the fiber reinforcement including a plurality of elongated fibers, the fiber reinforcement having anisotropy in the stator tube, wherein elongated fibers in the fiber reinforcement create a grain direction, the grain direction generally with the grain in the longitudinal direction of the stator tube and across the grain in the transverse direction, in which the rubber compound has a first value for 25% tensile Modulus across the grain and second value for 25% tensile Modulus is with the grain, wherein the first value is at least 10% lower than the second value; and
the fiber reinforcement including a fiber loading of greater than 2.5 phr of elongated fibers, the elongated fibers having a Modulus of greater than 60 GPa, and the rubber compound having a 25% tensile Modulus of greater than 400 psi across the grain and a 50% tensile Modulus of greater than 700 psi across the grain.
2. The stator of claim 1 , in which the fiber reinforcement includes a fiber loading in a range from 2.5 phr of elongated fibers to 10.0 phr of elongated fibers.
3. The stator of claim 1 , in which the fiber reinforcement includes a fiber loading in a range from 2.5 phr of elongated fibers to 6.0 phr of elongated fibers.
4. The stator of claim 1 , in which the elongated fibers have a Modulus in a range of 60 GPa to 110 GPa.
5. The stator of claim 1 , in which the elongated fibers have a Modulus in a range of 60 GPa to 75 GPa.
6. The stator of claim 1 , in which the rubber compound further includes a rubber reinforcement, the rubber reinforcement comprising a blend of fibrillated fibers and short cut fibers in a ratio by weight, and in which:
(a) the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short cut fibers in the blend is in a range of 50:1 to 3:1;
(b) the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 2 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g; and
(c) the short cut fibers have lengths in a range of 0.05 mm to 3.0 mm.
7. The stator of claim 6 , in which the rubber compound is manufactured according to a mixing process in which no masterbatch is used and no pre-dispersion agent is added.
8. The stator of claim 6 , in which the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short cut fibers in the blend is in a range of 20:1 to 4:1.
9. The stator of claim 6 , in which the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 7 m 2 /g to 11 m 2 /g.
10. The stator of claim 6 , in which the short cut fibers have lengths in a range of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm.
11. The stator of claim 1 , in which the fiber reinforcement comprises a blend of at least two fiber types, at least one fiber type in the blend having at least one unique characteristic among other fiber types in the blend wherein said at least one unique characteristic is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) length;
(b) surface area;
(e) chemistry; and
(d) Modulus.
12. The stator of claim 1 , in which the fiber reinforcement comprises a blend of fibrillated fibers and short chop fibers in a ratio by weight, and in which:
(a) the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short chop fibers in the blend is in a range of 50:1 to 3:1;
(b) the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 2 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g; and
(c) the short chop fibers have lengths in a range of 0.05 mm to 3.0 mm.
13. A stator for use in a positive displacement motor, the stator comprising:
a rubber compound formed into a generally cylindrical rubber suitor tube having interior helical pathways therein, the helical pathways extending in a longitudinal direction along the stator tube, the helical pathways providing stator lobes formed in the stator tube in a transverse direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction;
the rubber compound including a fiber reinforcement, the fiber reinforcement including a plurality of elongated fibers, the fiber reinforcement having anisotropy in the stator tube, wherein elongated fibers in the fiber reinforcement create a grain direction, the grain direction generally with the grain in the longitudinal direction of the stator tube and across the grain in the transverse direction, in which the rubber compound has a first value for 25% tensile Modulus across the grain and a second value for 25% tensile Modulus with the grain, wherein the first value is at least 10% lower than the second value; and
the fiber reinforcement including a fiber loading of greater than 2.5 phr of elongated fibers, and the rubber compound having a 25% tensile Modulus of greater than 400 psi across the grain and a 50% tensile Modulus of greater than 700 psi across the grain.
14. The stator of claim 13 , in which the fiber reinforcement includes a fiber loading in a range from 2.5 phr of elongated fibers to 10.0 phr of elongated fibers.
15. The stator of claim 13 , in which the fiber reinforcement includes a fiber loading in a range from 2.5 phr of elongated fibers to 6.0 phr of elongated fibers.
16. The stator of claim 13 , in which the rubber compound further includes a rubber reinforcement, the rubber reinforcement comprising a blend of fibrillated fibers and short cut fibers in a ratio by weight, and in which:
(a) the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short cut fibers in the blend is in a range of 50:1 to 3:1;
(b) the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 2 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g and
(c) the short cut fibers have lengths in a range of 0.05 mm to 3.0 mm.
17. The stator of claim 16 , in which the rubber compound is manufactured according to a mixing process in which no masterbatch is used and no pre-dispersion agent is added.
18. The stator of claim 16 , in which the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short cut fibers in the blend is in a range of 20:1 to 4:1.
19. The stator of claim 16 , in which the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 7 m 2 /g to 11m 2 /g.
20. The stator of claim 16 , in which the short cut fibers have lengths in a range of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm.
21. The stator of claim 13 , in which the fiber reinforcement comprises a blend of at least two fiber types, at least one fiber type in the blend having at least one unique characteristic among other fiber types in the blend wherein said at least one unique characteristic is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) length;
(b) surface area;
(c) chemistry; and
(d) Modulus.
22. The stator of claim 13 , in which the fiber reinforcement comprises a blend of fibrillated fibers and short chop fibers in a ratio by weight, and in which:
(a) the ratio by weight of fibrillated fibers to short chop fibers in the blend is in a range of 50:1 to 3:1;
(b) the fibrillated fibers have surface areas in a range of 2 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g and
(c) the short chop fibers have lengths in a range of 0.05 mm to 3.0 mm.