Method and system for planning/guiding alterations to a bone
A computer-assisted surgery system for guiding alterations to a bone, comprises a trackable member secured to the bone. The trackable member has a first inertial sensor unit producing orientation-based data. A positioning block is secured to the bone, and is adjustable once the positioning block is secured to the bone to be used to guide tools in altering the bone. The positioning block has a second inertial sensor unit producing orientation-based data. A processing system providing an orientation reference associating the bone to the trackable member comprises a signal interpreter for determining an orientation of the trackable member and of the positioning block. A parameter calculator calculates alteration parameters related to an actual orientation of the positioning block with respect to the bone.
1. A computer-assisted surgery system for at least one of planning and guiding an alteration to a bone in surgery, the computer-assisted surgery system comprising:
a positioning block adapted to be secured to the bone, the positioning block having an inertial sensor unit producing orientation-based data for at least two degrees of freedom in orientation of the positioning block, at least one joint being provided between the bone and the inertial sensor unit in the positioning block such that at least an orientation of the positioning block is adjustable once the positioning block is secured to the bone, to reach a desired orientation at which the positioning block is used to guide at least one tool in altering the bone;
a processing system providing an orientation reference related to the bone from the orientation-based data of the positioning block, the processing system comprising:
a signal interpreter for determining an orientation of the positioning block from the orientation-based data; and
a parameter calculator for calculating alteration parameters related to an actual orientation of the positioning block with respect to the bone as a function of the orientation reference and of the orientation of the positioning block.
2. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation reference is a plane incorporating a mechanical axis of the bone.
3. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 2 , wherein the bone is a tibia, and further comprising an axis-digitizing member adapted to be oriented against an anterior crest of the tibia, the axis-digitizing member having a second inertial sensor unit producing orientation-based data used by the processing system to define at least the mechanical axis of the tibia when the axis-digitizing member is against the anterior crest.
4. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 2 , wherein the bone is a tibia, and further comprising an axis-digitizing member adapted to be secured to the tibia and comprising an alignment bar aligned with at least one of the anterior crest of the medial third of the tibial tubercle, the 2 nd metatarsal bone, the center of the tibial plateau and the center of the ankle joint, the axis-digitizing member having a second inertial sensor unit producing orientation-based data used by the processing system to define at least the mechanical axis of the tibia.
5. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 2 , wherein the bone is a femur, and further comprising an axis-digitizing member adapted to be secured to the femur at an entry point of the mechanical axis, the axis-digitizing member having a second inertial sensor unit producing at least orientation-based data used by the processing system to define the mechanical axis of the femur.
6. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 1 , wherein the positioning block is secured to the bone so as to be in alignment with an anterior-posterior axis of the bone.
7. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one joint includes a first and a second rotational joint such that the alteration parameters are a varus-valgus of the bone as altered, and a flexion-extension of the bone as altered.
8. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 7 , wherein knobs are provided on the rotational joints of the positioning block for the adjustment of the alteration parameters.
9. The computer-assisted surgery system according to claim 1 , wherein the processing system is mounted on the positioning block.