Diagnosis apparatus and method for detecting a defect of at least one of a plurality of light emitting diodes

1. A diagnosis apparatus for detecting a defect of at least one of a plurality of light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes interconnected to form a light emitting diode series connecting a first supply terminal to a second supply terminal, the diagnosis apparatus comprising:

a resistance element connected in parallel with each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes;

a measuring device configured to generate a diagnosis current between the two supply terminals during a luminous pause, wherein none of the light emitting diodes emit light during the luminous pause, said diagnosis current giving rise, at each resistance element, to a voltage lower than a forward voltage, the forward voltage being voltage at which each light emitting diode respectively connected in parallel with the resistance element starts to emit light, and to provide a voltage value of a diagnosis voltage dropped between the supply terminals; and

an evaluation device configured to determine a total resistance value of an electrical resistance—effective between the supply terminals—of the resistance elements and of the light emitting diodes depending on a current intensity value of the diagnosis current and the voltage value of the diagnosis voltage and configured to generate a fault signal depending on the total resistance value;

wherein a plurality of overlap-free value intervals are defined in the evaluation device and the evaluation device is configured to signal a number of the defective light emitting diodes by means of the fault signal depending on in which of the value intervals the total resistance value lies.

2. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the resistance elements have a tolerance which is less than 2 percent.

3. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the respective resistance value of each resistance element is at least ten times greater than a respective resistance value of the parallel-connected light emitting diode in its defect state having undergone breakdown.

4. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the resistance elements all have the same resistance value.

5. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least two of the resistance elements have different resistance values.

6. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein all of the resistance elements have different resistance values.

7. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a current source for generating an operating current for a luminous phase, the luminous phase being a phase in which the light emitting diodes emit light, is configured to generate the diagnosis current.

8. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the diagnosis apparatus is configured to detect a voltage jump in an operating voltage dropped between the supply terminals in the luminous phase and configured to generate a failure signal if the absolute value of the voltage jump is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

9. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:

a current source for generating an operating current for a luminous phase, the luminous phase being a phase in which the light emitting diodes emit light, and

a voltage source different from the current source, the voltage source configured to generate the diagnosis current.

10. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 9 further comprising:

a switching element coupling the current source and the voltage source, wherein the measuring device is configured to keep the switching element in a non-conducting state in the luminous phase and in a conducting state in the luminous pause.

11. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the measuring device is configured to generate the diagnosis current at least one of:

upon a start of the diagnosis apparatus before a start-up of the light emitting diodes, and

during a PWM switching pause of PWM operation of the light emitting diodes.

12. A lighting apparatus comprising:

a plurality of light emitting diodes which are interconnected to form a light emitting diode series connecting a first supply terminal to a second supply terminal, and

the diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 .

13. The lighting apparatus as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the lighting apparatus is comprised in a motor vehicle headlight.

14. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a current source for generating an operating current for a luminous phase, the luminous phase being a phase in which the light emitting diodes emit light; and optionally

a voltage source different from the current source;

wherein one of the current source and the optional voltage source is configured to generate the diagnosis current;

wherein the resistance elements have a tolerance which is less than 2 percent;

wherein the respective resistance value of each resistance element is at least ten times greater than a respective resistance value of the parallel-connected light emitting diode in its defect state having undergone breakdown;

wherein the resistance elements are one of:

all having the same resistance value,

at least two but not all having different resistance values, and

all having different resistance values; and

wherein the measuring device is configured to generate the diagnosis current at least one of:

upon a start of the diagnosis apparatus before a start-up of the light emitting diodes, and

during a PWM switching pause of PWM operation of the light emitting diodes.

15. The diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 14 further comprising:

the voltage source different from the current source: and

a switching element coupling the current source and the voltage source, wherein the measuring device is configured to keep the switching element in a non-conducting state in the luminous phase and in a conducting state in the luminous pause.

16. A lighting apparatus comprising:

a plurality of light emitting diodes which are interconnected to form a light emitting diode series connecting a first supply terminal to a second supply terminal, and

the diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 15 .

17. A lighting apparatus comprising:

a plurality of light emitting diodes which are interconnected to form a light emitting diode series connecting a first supply terminal to a second supply terminal, and

the diagnosis apparatus as claimed in claim 14 .

18. A method for detecting at a measuring device a defect of at least one of a plurality of light emitting diodes which are interconnected to form a light emitting diode series connecting a first supply terminal to a second supply terminal, wherein a resistance element is connected in parallel with each light emitting diode, the method comprising the steps of:

generating a diagnosis current between the two supply terminals during a luminous pause, wherein none of the light emitting diodes emit light during the luminous pause, said diagnosis current giving rise, at each resistance element, to a voltage lower than a forward voltage, the forward voltage being voltage at which each light emitting diode respectively connected in parallel with the resistance element starts to emit light, and

providing a voltage value of a diagnosis voltage dropped between the supply terminals; and

determining a total resistance value of an electrical resistance—effective between the supply terminals—of the resistance elements and of the light emitting diodes depending on a current intensity value of the diagnosis current and the voltage value of the diagnosis voltage and generating a fault signal depending on the total resistance value;

wherein a plurality of overlap-free value intervals are defined; and

signaling a number of the defective light emitting diodes by means of the fault signal depending on in which of the value intervals the total resistance value lies.